Perinatal asphyxia and hypothermic treatment from the endocrine perspective

Area of Science:

• Neonatology
• Endocrinology
• Perinatal Medicine

Background:

• Perinatal asphyxia is a leading cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity.
• Therapeutic hypothermia is the standard treatment for moderate-to-severe perinatal asphyxia.
• Endocrine effects of asphyxia and hypothermia are not well-documented.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the endocrine consequences of perinatal asphyxia.
• To examine the endocrine effects of therapeutic hypothermia.
• To provide guidance for managing asphyxiated infants.

Main Methods:

• This is a narrative review of existing literature.
• The review focuses on endocrine system impacts.
• Data on asphyxia and hypothermia treatment effects are synthesized.

Main Results:

• Perinatal asphyxia can lead to endocrine dysregulation, including glucose and electrolyte imbalances, and adrenal issues.
• Therapeutic hypothermia may alter endocrine homeostasis, potentially reducing hypocalcemia but increasing risks of hyponatremia and hypercalcemia.
• Endocrine complications can influence mortality and neurological outcomes.

Conclusions:

• Metabolic abnormalities in perinatal asphyxia are critical modifiable factors affecting outcomes.
• Clinicians must recognize and screen for endocrine complications.
• Timely treatment of endocrine issues is crucial for improving the management of asphyxiated infants.