Shigella storm and men who have sex with men: A perspective on the Indian context

Area of Science:

• Infectious Diseases
• Hepatology
• Public Health

Background:

• Hepatitis-C infection (HCV) can lead to extrahepatic manifestations.
• Shigellosis has emerged as a significant factor in HCV transmission among specific populations.
• Previously, HCV was primarily associated with men who have sex with men (MSM) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

• To highlight the role of shigellosis in extrahepatic manifestations of sexually transmitted Hepatitis-C infection.
• To underscore the need for attention to shigellosis transmission dynamics in specific sexual networks.
• To identify strategies for improving awareness and understanding of shigellosis among at-risk populations.

Main Methods:

• Literature review and analysis of disease transmission factors.
• Epidemiological assessment of shigellosis and HCV co-infection.
• Qualitative analysis of queries and information needs regarding shigellosis.

Main Results:

• Shigellosis is identified as a primary driver for extrahepatic manifestations in Hepatitis-C infection.
• The "perfect storm" of disease transmission is linked to shigellosis, specific sexual activities, and HIV status in men.
• There is a need for focused health communication strategies to address MSM awareness of shigellosis.

Conclusions:

• Shigellosis plays a critical role in the extrahepatic complications of Hepatitis-C infection.
• Public health interventions must address the intersection of shigellosis, sexual practices, and HIV status.
• Health communication and social marketing are vital for enhancing awareness and knowledge about shigellosis among MSM.