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Related Concept Videos

¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling01:04

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The probability of having two carbon-13 atoms next to each other is negligible because of the low natural abundance of carbon-13. Consequently, peak splitting due to carbon-carbon spin-spin coupling is not observed in spectra. However, protons up to three sigma bonds away split the carbon signal according to the n+1 rule, resulting in complicated spectra.
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Multicompartment Models: Overview01:14

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Multicompartment models are mathematical constructs that depict how drugs are distributed and eliminated within the body. They segment the body into several compartments, symbolizing various physiological or anatomical areas connected through drug transfer processes such as absorption, metabolism, distribution, and elimination.
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¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)01:20

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When proton-coupled carbon-13 spectra are simplified by a broadband proton decoupling technique, structural information about the coupled protons is lost. Distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer (DEPT) is a technique that provides information on the number of hydrogens attached to each carbon in a molecule. While the DEPT experiment utilizes complex pulse sequences, the pulse delay and flip angle are specifically manipulated. The resulting signals have different phases depending on...
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Variability: Analysis01:11

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Measures of variability are statistical metrics that reveal the dispersion pattern within a dataset. They are pivotal in biostatistics, providing insights into the heterogeneity within health and biological data. Variability signifies the degree to which data points diverge from one another, helping researchers understand the potential range of values and associated uncertainty within the data.
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Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

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Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...
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Mechanistic Models: Overview of Compartment Models01:21

Mechanistic Models: Overview of Compartment Models

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Mechanistic models, a category encompassing both physiological and compartmental modeling, differ from empirical models' approaches to incorporating known factors about the systems being modeled. Empirical models describe data with minimal assumptions, while mechanistic models aim to provide a robust description of available data by specifying assumptions and integrating known factors about the system. Compartmental analysis is a key example of a mechanistic model in pharmacokinetics and...
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Multiperspective Decoupling Analyses between Global Embodied Carbon Chains and Global Value Chains.

Yuhan Liang1, Qiumeng Zhong1, Zijun Deng1

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Global economic growth and carbon emissions decoupling is vital for climate change mitigation. This study reveals significant regional differences in decoupling, highlighting the need for international cooperation in supply chains.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Economics
  • Climate Change Mitigation
  • Global Supply Chains

Background:

  • Decoupling economic growth from carbon emissions is critical for sustainable development.
  • Traditional production-based analyses are insufficient for understanding supply chain emissions.
  • Global supply chains complicate the assessment of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and economic value.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the decoupling status between value added and GHG emissions from 1995-2019.
  • To analyze decoupling from both consumption and income perspectives across global supply chains.
  • To identify regional disparities in decoupling and inform mitigation strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of value added and GHG emissions data from 1995-2019.
  • Examination of decoupling from production, consumption, and income viewpoints.
  • Comparative analysis across 17 global regions.

Main Results:

  • Significant regional variations in decoupling status were observed (e.g., Russia, Australia, Malta).
  • Malta demonstrated strong decoupling from a production perspective but expansive negative decoupling from a consumption perspective.
  • Most international pairs have not achieved strong decoupling when considering consumption and income.

Conclusions:

  • Decoupling analysis requires multi-perspective approaches, including consumption and income.
  • International cooperation is essential for effective GHG emission decoupling across global supply chains.
  • Findings support complementary policies for global GHG emission mitigation and sustainable development.