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Microbial Waterborne Diseases in India: Status, Interventions, and Future Perspectives
Mamta D Sharma1,2, Puranjan Mishra3, Aaliya Ali1,2
1Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Bajhol, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India.
Current Microbiology
|November 6, 2023
Summary
Waterborne diseases like diarrhea and typhoid are major health threats in India, causing thousands of deaths. Improved sanitation and hygiene (WASH) are crucial to curb outbreaks and protect public health.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Environmental Health
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Water is essential, but contamination leads to widespread health issues.
- Waterborne diseases pose a significant global health burden, particularly in India.
- Lack of sanitation and hygiene exacerbates disease transmission.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze waterborne disease outbreaks in India (2014-2020).
- To identify common waterborne infections and their impact.
- To evaluate the effectiveness of sanitation programs.
Main Methods:
- Review of waterborne disease outbreaks across Indian states.
- Analysis of disease incidence, mortality data, and sanitation program performance.
- Identification of key waterborne pathogens and risk factors.
Main Results:
- Acute diarrheal disease (ADD), typhoid, cholera, hepatitis, and shigellosis are prevalent.
- Over 11,000 deaths occurred between 2014-2018, with a sharp increase after 2017.
- Disease outbreaks are linked to inadequate sanitation, poor hygiene, and waste disposal.
Conclusions:
- Despite government initiatives, the situation remains critical.
- Targeted interventions, improved WASH services, and policy implementation are essential.
- Customized local strategies and climate change adaptation are necessary for long-term solutions.
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