Sustainable utilization of biopolymers as green adhesive in soil improvement: a review

Throughout history, soil improvement has relied on various additives, from ancient practices using lime and other traditional compounds to modern methods employing geosynthetics and microbial treatments. However, conventional soil admixtures, while effective, often carry significant environmental drawbacks, especially in the case of additives like cement. In response to these environmental concerns, there has been a growing interest in the use of biopolymers as a sustainable alternative for ground improvement. This literature review centers on the properties and performance of biopolymers, addressing their increasing adoption in soil enhancement endeavors. It explores the historical context of soil improvement practices, highlights the contemporary environmental challenges posed by traditional additives, and underscores the emerging trend toward biopolymers as a green adhesive solution. The review further probes into specific biopolymers, examining their characteristics and elucidating how biopolymer-treated soils achieve the desired improvements. In essence, this review provides a comprehensive understanding of the historical evolution of soil improvement practices, the current environmental imperatives, and the promising role that biopolymers play in achieving sustainable soil enhancement. It serves as a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners seeking environmentally friendly alternatives in geotechnical engineering.