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Related Concept Videos

Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview01:20

Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview

308
Inhalation anesthetics are drugs that induce general anesthesia upon inhalation. They work by increasing the sensitivity of GABAA receptors or inhibiting NMDA receptors, leading to a decrease in central nervous system activity. The depth of anesthesia can be rapidly adjusted by changing the concentration of the inhaled gas. Some common examples of inhalational anesthetics include volatile liquids like isoflurane, desflurane, sevoflurane and gases like xenon and nitrous oxide. Isoflurane, a...
308
Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

135
Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
135
General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

General Anesthesia: Overview

225
Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...
225
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

438
Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
438
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

646
Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
646
Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications01:23

Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications

458
Local anesthetics (LAs) are commonly used for various applications in medical and dental procedures. Some of the common agents used are cocaine, lidocaine, and bupivacaine.
Cocaine is an ester of benzoic acid and methylecgogine. It is used to anesthetize and vasoconstrict locally. Currently, it is used primarily for topical applications. It is beneficial for surgeries on the upper respiratory tract, providing anesthesia and shrinking the mucosa. Cocaine in the form of cocaine hydrochloride is...
458

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Related Experiment Video

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Anesthetic considerations in interventional pulmonology.

Rutuja R Sikachi1, Kelly Louise Mishra2, Megan Anders3

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New Hyde Park, New York.

Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine
|November 6, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Anesthesiologists play a crucial role in interventional pulmonology, enhancing patient safety during minimally invasive procedures for lung and pleural diseases. Tailored anesthetic approaches improve outcomes in complex cases.

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Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology and Interventional Pulmonology

Background:

  • Interventional Pulmonology offers minimally invasive alternatives to surgery for various lung diseases.
  • Advancements in anesthetic techniques have significantly improved safety during complex interventional procedures.
  • A strong collaboration between anesthesiologists and interventional pulmonologists is vital for optimal patient care.

Approach:

  • This review focuses on current evidence regarding anesthetic techniques for interventional bronchoscopy.
  • It covers anesthetic considerations for procedures like managing mediastinal masses, endobronchial obstruction, peripheral bronchoscopy, lung volume reduction, and medical pleuroscopy.

Key Points:

  • Anesthetic management must be tailored to the specific interventional pulmonology procedure.
  • Key procedures include those for central airway obstruction, endobronchial lesions, lung nodules, and pleural diseases.
  • Enhanced peri-operative safety is achieved through updated anesthetic strategies.

Conclusions:

  • Interventional Pulmonology necessitates specialized anesthetic approaches.
  • Ongoing research and collaboration are improving patient outcomes in these procedures.
  • Anesthesiologists are integral to the success of minimally invasive lung interventions.