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Related Concept Videos

Framing Effects03:26

Framing Effects

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Information is everywhere and its presentation—such as how and when items are presented—can impact our perceptions and decisions surrounding the info. This broad concept umbrellas framing effects—influences that occur due to the way information is framed in its appearance, whether it’s purely the order or the specific wording of a message. Let’s take a look at numerous ways in which two versions of something can objectively say the same thing, yet we respond in...
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The process of hypothesis testing based on the traditional method includes calculating the critical value, testing the value of the test statistic using the sample data, and interpreting these values.
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Decision-making is a fundamental cognitive process that involves evaluating alternatives and selecting among them. This process can range from simple choices, such as deciding what to wear, to complex decisions, like choosing a major in college or a career path. The complexity of the decision often dictates the approach we use, which can be broadly categorized into two types: automatic and controlled decision-making.
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The Anchoring-and-Adjustment Heuristic01:25

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In order to make good decisions, we use our knowledge and our reasoning. Often, this knowledge and reasoning is sound and solid. However, sometimes, we are swayed by biases or by others manipulating a situation. For example, let’s say you and three friends wanted to rent a house and had a combined target budget of $1,600. The realtor shows you only very run-down houses for $1,600 and then shows you a very nice house for $2,000. Might you ask each person to pay more in rent to get the...
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Researchers have tested many persuasion strategies, including the foot-in-the door and the door-in-the-face techniques, in a variety of contexts. Ultimately, the principles are effective in selling products and changing people’s attitude, ideas, and behaviors (Cialdini & Goldstein, 2004).
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Updated: Jul 11, 2025

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies
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Reason Defaults: Presenting Defaults With Reasons for Choosing Each Option Helps Decision-Makers With Minority

Shweta Desiraju1, Berkeley J Dietvorst1

  • 1University of Chicago Booth School of Business.

Psychological Science
|November 6, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Reason defaults improve decision-making by explaining why an option is chosen and who should consider alternatives. This "reason default" helps individuals with minority interests make better choices.

Keywords:
choice architecturedefaultsheterogeneitynudgeopen dataopen materialspreregisteredtransparency

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Area of Science:

  • Decision Science
  • Behavioral Economics
  • Choice Architecture

Background:

  • Defaults are widely used to influence choices, but can disadvantage individuals with minority interests.
  • Standard defaults offer a single option, potentially misguiding diverse decision-makers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and test a novel intervention called "reason defaults" to improve decision-making outcomes.
  • To assess if reason defaults can help individuals with minority interests select appropriate alternatives.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted five preregistered studies with 4,210 adult participants from online convenience samples.
  • Compared the effectiveness of reason defaults against standard defaults and forced-choice scenarios.

Main Results:

  • Reason defaults improved decision-makers' outcomes compared to standard defaults and forced choices.
  • Most individuals were guided toward the default, while minority interests were better supported in selecting alternatives.
  • Participants found reason defaults more transparent, easier to decide with, and better understood.

Conclusions:

  • Reason defaults offer a more nuanced approach to choice architecture than standard defaults.
  • This intervention enhances decision quality and user experience, particularly for those with non-majority preferences.