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Related Experiment Videos

Analysis, storage stability and reference values for urinary chromium and nickel.

M Kiilunen, J Järvisalo, O Mäkitie

    International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health
    |January 1, 1987
    PubMed
    Summary

    Simple methods accurately measure urinary chromium and nickel using electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. These metals remain stable in refrigerated urine for ten months, aiding occupational exposure monitoring.

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    Area of Science:

    • Environmental Science
    • Analytical Chemistry
    • Toxicology

    Background:

    • Urinary chromium and nickel levels are important biomarkers for occupational exposure and health monitoring.
    • Accurate and reliable analytical methods are crucial for assessing these metal levels in biological samples.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To describe simple, direct dilution methods for analyzing urinary chromium and nickel.
    • To evaluate the precision, detection limits, and stability of these metals in urine specimens.

    Main Methods:

    • Electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) was employed for metal analysis.
    • Direct dilution methods were utilized, minimizing sample preparation steps.
    • Urine samples were stored at refrigerator temperatures for stability assessment.

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    Main Results:

    • The day-to-day variation for both metals was approximately 5%.
    • Detection limits were 20 nmol/l for nickel and 0.1 nmol/l for chromium.
    • Chromium and nickel remained stable (within 20%) in refrigerated urine for at least ten months without acidification.
    • Geometric mean values for non-exposed Finns were 70 nmol/l for nickel and 1.5 nmol/l for chromium.

    Conclusions:

    • Direct dilution methods using ETAAS are suitable for routine analysis of urinary chromium and nickel.
    • The demonstrated stability of these metals in urine supports their use in long-term biomonitoring.
    • Established reference values provide a baseline for assessing occupational and environmental exposures.