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A method for estimating soil ingestion by children.

P Clausing, B Brunekreef, J H van Wijnen

    International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health
    |January 1, 1987
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Assessing children's health risks from soil ingestion is crucial. A pilot study used titanium, aluminium, and acid insoluble residue tracers in feces to estimate soil intake, finding significant differences between groups.

    Area of Science:

    • Environmental Health
    • Pediatric Toxicology
    • Geochemistry

    Background:

    • Soil pollution is a growing concern in the Netherlands.
    • Young children's mouthing behavior poses a significant exposure risk via soil ingestion.
    • Accurate estimation of daily soil ingestion is vital for health risk assessment.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and pilot a method for estimating inadvertent soil ingestion in children.
    • To assess the feasibility of using soil tracers (titanium, aluminium, acid insoluble residue) for this purpose.

    Main Methods:

    • A pilot study involved 18 nursery school children and 6 hospitalized children.
    • Faecal samples were analyzed for titanium (Ti), aluminium (Al), and acid insoluble residue (AIR) concentrations.

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  • Soil samples were analyzed for tracer concentrations to compare with faecal measurements.

    • Main Results:

    • Individual tracers showed high variability in faeces.
    • Combining Ti, Al, and AIR tracers provided a clearer picture of potential soil ingestion.
    • A statistically significant difference of 55 mg/d in soil ingestion was observed between the two child groups.
    • Tracer concentrations were consistent across different soil types.

    Conclusions:

    • The combined tracer method shows promise for estimating soil ingestion in children.
    • Further research is needed to validate assumptions and study larger, diverse populations.
    • This method can contribute to better understanding and mitigating health risks associated with soil ingestion.