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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

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Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

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Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
246
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

243
Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
243
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

339
Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
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Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment01:25

Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment

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Transmission-based precautions are for patients infected or suspected to be infected (or colonized) with organisms posing a significant risk to others. The transmission precautions include airborne and protective environment precautions.
Airborne precautions:
Use airborne precautions when treating patients known or suspected to have diseases that spread through the air—for example, tuberculosis or measles. These organisms are present in smaller droplets expelled by an infected person and...
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Analysis of 18FDG PET/CT Imaging as a Tool for Studying Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Treatment in Non-human Primates
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Tuberculosis Surveillance and Control, Puerto Rico, 1898-2015.

Emilio Dirlikov, Dana Thomas, David Yost

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    This summary is machine-generated.

    Puerto Rico is nearing tuberculosis (TB) elimination, but challenges like delayed diagnosis and poverty may hinder progress. Continued surveillance and adapted strategies are crucial for achieving the 2035 goal.

    Keywords:
    CaribbeanPuerto RicoTBTuberculosisUnited Statesbacteriaeliminationhistorysurveillancetuberculosis and other mycobacteria

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    Area of Science:

    • Public Health
    • Epidemiology
    • Infectious Disease Control

    Background:

    • Puerto Rico is recognized by the WHO as a low tuberculosis (TB) incidence area with a 2035 elimination goal.
    • Sustained efforts in TB surveillance and control have led to decreased case incidence and mortality rates.
    • Understanding historical trends and current challenges is vital for TB elimination strategies.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To describe the current low incidence of reported TB cases in Puerto Rico.
    • To provide key lessons learned from historical TB surveillance and control efforts.
    • To identify factors that may impede progress toward TB elimination.

    Main Methods:

    • Systematic literature review of TB surveillance and control in Puerto Rico.
    • Analysis of three distinct historical periods: pre-chemotherapy, post-chemotherapy, and expanded control.
    • Supplementation with additional references and epidemiologic data.

    Main Results:

    • Sustained surveillance, ongoing care, and new strategies correlated with reduced TB incidence and mortality.
    • Despite progress, factors affecting TB elimination remain poorly understood.
    • Potential barriers include delayed diagnosis, underreporting, economic challenges, and the impact of Hurricane Maria.

    Conclusions:

    • Puerto Rico has made significant strides in TB control, aligning with the WHO's elimination goal.
    • Addressing challenges such as underreporting and socioeconomic factors is critical for sustained progress.
    • Continued vigilance and adaptive strategies are necessary to overcome remaining obstacles to TB elimination.