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Does Having a Sibling Affect Autistic People's Empathy?

Yonat Rum1,2, Ofer Golan3,4, Carrie Allison3

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Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
|November 7, 2023
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Autistic children without siblings showed higher empathy scores than those with siblings. Adult empathy showed no difference, but sex and sibling status interacted on one measure.

Keywords:
AutismEmpathySiblings

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Area of Science:

  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Social Psychology
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by differences in social interaction and communication.
  • The role of sibling relationships in the development of social skills and empathy in autistic individuals is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of having siblings on empathy levels in autistic children and adults.
  • To explore potential differences in empathy measures based on sibling status within autistic populations.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the Cambridge Autism Research Database (CARD) including autistic children (n=939) and adults (n=736).
  • Empathy was assessed using the Empathy Quotient (EQ) for children (parent-report) and adults (self-report).
  • The Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET) was administered to adults.

Main Results:

  • Autistic children without siblings scored significantly higher on the EQ than those with siblings.
  • No significant differences in empathy were found between autistic adults with and without siblings on either the EQ or RMET.
  • An interaction effect between sex and sibling status was observed on the RMET in adults, with autistic males with siblings performing similarly to females.

Conclusions:

  • Sibling status may not enhance empathy in autistic individuals as hypothesized, with some evidence suggesting the opposite in children.
  • Parental reports of empathy in children with siblings might be influenced by a contrast effect.
  • Further research is needed to explore the nuanced relationship between siblings, sex, and empathy in autistic males.