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Psychometric Properties and Clinical Usefulness of the Spanish Version of the Toe Walking Tool
Angélica Guerrero-Blázquez1, María José Díaz-Arribas2, Marta Ríos-León3
1*Colegio Público de Educación Especial María Soriano,Ayuntamiento de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Background:
The Toe Walking Tool (TWT) was developed in Australia as a valid and reliable screening tool for children who toe-walk. However, psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the TWT have not been studied. The aim of this study was to assess psychometric properties and clinical usefulness of the Spanish version of the TWT.
Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted. Twelve children were assessed with the TWT. Intrarater and interrater reliability and agreement were calculated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and the Fleiss kappa method for multiple raters. Internal consistency and construct validity were assessed with the Kuder-Richardson formula 20 coefficient and known-group methods, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity were analyzed using the receiver operating characteristic curve. The Content Validity Index was calculated to determine clinical usefulness.
Results:
An excellent intrarater (ICC = 1) and interrater reliability (ICC = 0.8), moderate interrater agreement (Fleiss kappa, 0.6), strong internal consistency (Kuder-Richardson formula 20 coefficient, 0.86), and very good construct validity were found. Sensitivity and specificity results were appropriate (area under the curve, 0.845). The Content Validity Index was 0.906, suggesting high usefulness.
Conclusions:
The Spanish version of the TWT was found to be a valid, reliable and useful screening tool for children who toe-walk, providing evidence for its recommendation.
