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Tumor-induced osteomalacia: An overview.
Swati Sachin Jadhav1, Ravikumar Shah2, Virendra Patil3
1Trustwell Hospital, JC road, Bangalore, Karnataka 560002, India.
Best Practice & Research. Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
|November 7, 2023
Summary
Tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) is a rare condition caused by tumors secreting FGF23. Surgical removal of these tumors offers a cure, while medical management is used for difficult cases.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Oncology
- Bone Metabolism
Background:
- Tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) is a rare paraneoplastic syndrome characterized by hypophosphatemic osteomalacia.
- It results from phosphaturic factors, primarily FGF23, secreted by mesenchymal tumors.
- These tumors are often small and difficult to locate.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive review of TIO.
- To cover epidemiology, pathophysiology, pathology, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment.
- To highlight recent advances and future research directions.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on TIO.
- Discussion of diagnostic imaging modalities, including somatostatin receptor-based PET and anatomical imaging (CT/MRI).
- Analysis of treatment strategies, encompassing surgical excision and medical management.
Main Results:
- TIO is caused by phosphaturic mesenchymal tumors secreting FGF23.
- Localization of tumors is challenging due to their small size and varied locations.
- Complete surgical excision is the definitive treatment, leading to symptom resolution.
Conclusions:
- TIO requires a multidisciplinary approach for diagnosis and management.
- Early and accurate localization through advanced imaging is crucial.
- Surgical resection remains the gold standard treatment, with medical management as an adjunct or alternative.
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