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Hematologic abnormalities associated with chronic acetaminophen administration in a dog.

J W Harvey, T W French, D F Senior

    Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
    |November 15, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary

    Acetaminophen administration in a Dachshund caused severe oxidative damage to red blood cells, leading to hemolytic anemia. This case highlights acetaminophen toxicity in dogs, emphasizing the need for careful dosage and monitoring.

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    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary Medicine
    • Toxicology
    • Hematology

    Background:

    • Acetaminophen (N-acetyl-p-aminophenol) is a common analgesic and antipyretic.
    • Drug-induced hemolytic anemia is a recognized adverse effect in some species.
    • Oxidative stress can lead to erythrocyte damage and altered red blood cell morphology.

    Observation:

    • A Dachshund presented with clinical signs attributed to abdominal pain.
    • The dog received a daily oral dose of acetaminophen for six weeks.
    • Blood smear analysis revealed numerous eccentrocytes and Heinz bodies in erythrocytes.

    Findings:

    • Elevated methemoglobin levels (6.4%) were detected, indicating impaired oxygen transport.
    • High serum activities of alanine transaminase and alkaline phosphatase were observed.

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  • Hyperbilirubinuria suggested liver dysfunction.

    • Implications:

    • Acetaminophen administration induced significant oxidative damage to erythrocytes and hepatocytes in the dog.
    • This case underscores the potential for acetaminophen toxicity in canines, even at doses considered therapeutic in humans.
    • Veterinarians should consider acetaminophen-induced toxicity in cases of unexplained hemolytic anemia and liver enzyme elevation in dogs.