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Ranking age-specific modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease and mortality: evidence from a

Fei Tian1, Lan Chen1, Zhengmin Min Qian2

  • 1Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.

Eclinicalmedicine
|November 8, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors significantly impact mortality across all ages, with their influence decreasing in older adults. Targeted interventions addressing metabolic factors like hypertension and abdominal obesity are crucial for prevention.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • Cardiovascular disease (CVD) represents a major global health concern.
  • Understanding age-specific risk factor impacts is vital for effective prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the age-specific effects of 14 modifiable risk factors on cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality.
  • To quantify the population-attributable fraction (PAF) of CVD and mortality for these risk factors across different age groups.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of UK Biobank data from 226,759 participants aged 40+ without prior CVD.
  • Calculation of age-specific hazard ratios (HRs) and population-attributable fractions (PAFs) for CVD and mortality.
  • Follow-up period from baseline (2006-2010) to September 30, 2021, with a primary composite CVD outcome of coronary artery disease, heart failure, and stroke.

Main Results:

  • Over 12.17 years, 23,838 CVD cases and 11,949 deaths occurred.
  • The overall PAF for CVD and mortality declined with age (56.53% in middle-age, 49.78% in quinquagenarians, 42.45% in the elderly).
  • Metabolic factors, particularly hypertension and abdominal obesity, contributed most significantly to the PAF across all age groups. Smoking was the leading behavioral factor, and low income/less education were prominent socioeconomic factors.

Conclusions:

  • A substantial proportion of CVD cases and deaths are attributable to modifiable risk factors in all adult age groups.
  • Interventions should prioritize high-impact and age-specific modifiable risk factors.
  • Findings support the development of tailored medical strategies for CVD prevention and management.
Abstract

Keywords:
AgeCardiovascular diseaseEpidemiologyModifiable factorProspective study

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