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Functional Consequences of Shifting Transcript Boundaries in Glucose Starvation.

Lan Anh Catherine Nguyen1,2, Masaru Mori1,2,3, Yuji Yasuda1,4

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Glucose starvation profoundly alters gene expression in yeast, impacting transcript ends and protein function. This study reveals dynamic changes in 5' and 3' untranslated regions during stress response.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics
  • Yeast Genetics

Background:

  • Glucose is vital for cellular energy and survival across diverse organisms.
  • Rapid glucose reduction triggers significant transcriptome-wide gene expression changes.
  • Transcriptional regulation is complex, involving variations in transcript boundaries with protein-level effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To precisely map transcript 5' and 3' ends during glucose starvation in fission yeast.
  • To investigate the impact of glucose starvation on transcript isoforms and protein function.
  • To elucidate post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms under nutrient stress.

Main Methods:

  • Direct RNA sequencing
  • 5'-CAGE (Cap Analysis of Gene Expression)
  • Short-read sequencing
  • Proteome analysis

Main Results:

  • Accurate definition of poly(A) tailed and 5'-capped transcripts during glucose starvation.
  • Identification of anticorrelated expression patterns in sense-antisense gene pairs with time lag.
  • Observed shortening of 3'-UTRs and poly(A) tails, followed by 5'-UTR shortening, impacting protein domains.
  • Limited overlap between differentially expressed genes, transcripts, and proteins, indicating complex regulation.

Conclusions:

  • Glucose starvation induces dynamic changes in transcript structure, including UTRs and poly(A) tails.
  • These structural changes influence protein function and stress response.
  • Post-transcriptional regulation plays a critical role in the cellular response to glucose starvation, necessitating further investigation.