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Related Concept Videos

Root Loci for Positive-Feedback Systems01:23

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The Hartley oscillator is a positive feedback system that sustains oscillations by feeding the output back to the input in phase, thereby reinforcing the signal. Positive feedback systems can be viewed as negative feedback systems with inverted feedback signals. In these systems, the root locus encompasses all points on the s-plane where the angle of the system transfer function equals 360 degrees.
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Humanistic psychology emerged in the mid-20th century as a response to the deterministic and pessimistic nature of behaviorism and psychoanalysis. While behaviorism focused on observable behaviors influenced by the environment and psychoanalysis delved into unconscious motivations, both theories suggested that human actions lacked free will. In contrast, humanistic psychology offers a perspective that emphasizes the innate potential for goodness and growth within every individual.
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If you want to understand how behavior occurs, one of the best ways to gain information is to simply observe the behavior in its natural context. However, people might change their behavior in unexpected ways if they know they are being observed. How do researchers obtain accurate information when people tend to hide their natural behavior? As an example, imagine that your professor asks everyone in your class to raise their hand if they always wash their hands after using the restroom. Chances...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2025

The Collective Trust Game: An Online Group Adaptation of the Trust Game Based on the HoneyComb Paradigm
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Systematic nature positive markets.

Alex Bush1, Katherine Hannah Simpson2, Nick Hanley2

  • 1Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK.

Conservation Biology : the Journal of the Society for Conservation Biology
|November 8, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Environmental markets can effectively fund conservation using an irreplaceability metric. This approach ensures biodiversity gains and lowers conservation costs for land managers and society.

Keywords:
biodiversity net gainganancia neta de biodiversidadirremplazableirreplaceabilitymercado de compensaciónoffset marketprioritizationpriorización不可替代性优先排序生物多样性净收益补偿市场

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Area of Science:

  • Ecological economics
  • Conservation planning
  • Environmental markets

Background:

  • Environmental markets are emerging as a tool to fund sustainable land management.
  • Measuring and trading biodiversity units in these markets presents ecological and economic challenges.
  • Current metrics may not guarantee net biodiversity gains or cost-efficient conservation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and test an irreplaceability-based metric for environmental markets.
  • To compare the ecological and economic benefits of the irreplaceability metric against traditional biodiversity offset metrics.
  • To assess the metric's potential for cost-effective, land-manager-led conservation investments.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a novel metric based on the principle of irreplaceability from systematic conservation planning.
  • Employed an integrated ecological modeling approach to test the metric's performance.
  • Compared the irreplaceability metric with standard biodiversity offset metrics used in net gain/no-net-loss policies.

Main Results:

  • The irreplaceability metric ensured no net loss, and potentially net gain, of biodiversity.
  • This metric captured the multidimensional nature of ecosystems, avoiding limitations of like-for-like trading.
  • Irreplaceability reduced offsetting costs for developers and societal costs for ecological restoration compared to other metrics.

Conclusions:

  • An irreplaceability metric offers a more ecologically and economically sound approach for environmental markets.
  • It ensures fair reward for land managers' opportunity costs and incentivizes efficient nature recovery investments.
  • Integrating economic data with systematic conservation planning enhances the effectiveness of biodiversity markets.