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Microplastics Distribution in Sediments Collected from Myanmar.

Thant Zin Tun1,2, Ei Ei Mon3,4, Haruhiko Nakata5

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Microplastic (MP) pollution is high in Myanmar

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Marine Biology
  • Ecotoxicology

Background:

  • Microplastic (MP) pollution is a growing global concern.
  • Limited data exists on MP distribution in Southeast Asian terrestrial environments.
  • Myanmar's sediment MP contamination status is largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the concentration and prevalence of microplastics (MPs) in Myanmar's sediments.
  • To identify major MP polymers and shapes in the studied areas.
  • To explore potential correlations between MP contamination and anthropogenic factors.

Main Methods:

  • Collected 68 sediment samples from drainage channels, lakes, rivers, and beaches in Myanmar (2014-2018).
  • Analyzed samples to determine MP concentration (pieces/kg dry weight).
  • Identified polymer types and shapes of the detected MPs.

Main Results:

  • High MP concentrations (up to 13,855 pieces/kg dry weight) found in urban sediments (Yangon, Mandalay, Pathein).
  • Urban MP levels were two orders of magnitude higher than in rural areas (Wundwin).
  • Polyethylene, polypropylene, and polyethylene terephthalate were the dominant polymers, with fragments, fibers, and films being the major shapes.

Conclusions:

  • Urban areas in Myanmar exhibit significantly higher microplastic (MP) contamination in sediments compared to rural areas.
  • Population density and municipal solid waste generation rates are likely key drivers of MP pollution.
  • This study provides the first report on microplastic distribution in Myanmar sediments, highlighting a critical environmental issue.