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Passive hemagglutination test for enteric fever.

B Petchclai, R Ausavarungnirun, S Manatsathit

    Journal of Clinical Microbiology
    |January 1, 1987
    PubMed
    Summary
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    A new passive hemagglutination (PHA) test offers a simple, sensitive, and specific method for diagnosing enteric fever. This rapid test supplements blood cultures, improving laboratory diagnosis of Salmonella infections.

    Area of Science:

    • Clinical microbiology
    • Immunoserology
    • Infectious diseases

    Background:

    • Enteric fever, primarily caused by Salmonella species, poses a significant global health challenge.
    • Accurate and timely laboratory diagnosis is crucial for effective patient management and public health surveillance.
    • Current diagnostic methods, such as hemoculture, have limitations in sensitivity and speed.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and evaluate a passive hemagglutination (PHA) test for the serodiagnosis of enteric fever.
    • To assess the sensitivity, specificity, and rapidity of the PHA test as a diagnostic tool.
    • To determine the utility of the PHA test in supplementing conventional hemoculture methods.

    Main Methods:

    • Development of a PHA test using glutaraldehyde-preserved erythrocytes sensitized with lipopolysaccharide from Salmonella serogroups A, B, C, and D.

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  • Testing of sensitized erythrocytes with sera from blood donors, patients with confirmed Salmonella infections, and patients with other Enterobacteriaceae septicemia.
  • Evaluation of test performance using acute-phase, early-convalescent-phase, and late-convalescent-phase serum samples.

    • Main Results:

    • The PHA test demonstrated high positivity rates: 90% and 93% in acute-phase sera from two different hospitals, and 100% in early-convalescent sera.
    • The test showed high specificity, with negative results in patients infected with other Enterobacteriaceae and no reduction in titers after absorption tests.
    • Simultaneous sensitization proved useful as a screening test, highlighting the PHA test's potential as a rapid diagnostic supplement.

    Conclusions:

    • The passive hemagglutination (PHA) test is a simple, sensitive, specific, and rapid method for enteric fever serodiagnosis.
    • The PHA test effectively supplements hemoculture, offering an improved approach to laboratory diagnosis of enteric fever.
    • This serological assay holds promise for widespread use in clinical laboratories, particularly in resource-limited settings.