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Neural landscape diffusion resolves conflicts between needs across time.

Ethan B Richman1, Nicole Ticea2,3,4, William E Allen1,5

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The brain resolves conflicting physiological needs, like hunger and thirst, by maintaining persistent internal goal states that guide choices. Noise-driven shifts allow transitions between these behavioral goals over time.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Behavioral Biology
  • Computational Neuroscience

Background:

  • Animals exhibit flexible goal-directed behaviors to meet physiological needs.
  • Mechanisms for choosing between behaviors under conflicting needs are poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To uncover how the brain resolves conflicts between competing physiological needs over time.
  • To identify the neural principles underlying the selection of unitary behaviors.

Main Methods:

  • Developed an experimental paradigm with hungry and thirsty mice choosing between food and water.
  • Utilized high-density electrophysiological recordings to capture neural activity.
  • Constructed a mathematical model to simulate need-state dynamics and behavioral choices.

Main Results:

  • Mice organized choices into persistent bouts with stochastic transitions between needs.
  • Identified distributed neural correlates of a persistent internal goal state.
  • Mathematical model successfully predicted behavioral and neural dynamics, including responses to optogenetic stimulation.

Conclusions:

  • The brain resolves need conflicts through emergent properties of need-dependent state persistence.
  • Noise-driven state transitions facilitate shifts between competing behavioral goals.
  • Provides a general framework for understanding goal-directed behavior under conflicting needs.