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Superconductor01:24

Superconductor

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A substance that reaches superconductivity, a state in which magnetic fields cannot penetrate, and there is no electrical resistance, is referred to as a superconductor. In 1911, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes of Leiden University, a Dutch physicist, observed a relation between the temperature and the resistance of the element mercury. The mercury sample was then cooled in liquid helium to study the linear dependence of resistance on temperature. It was observed that, as the temperature decreased, the...
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A superconductor is a substance that offers zero resistance to the electric current when it drops below a critical temperature. Zero resistance is not the only interesting phenomenon as materials reach their transition temperatures. A second effect is the exclusion of magnetic fields. This is known as the Meissner effect. A light, permanent magnet placed over a superconducting sample will levitate in a stable position above the superconductor. High-speed trains that levitate on strong...
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The pV diagram, which is a graph of pressure versus volume of the gas under study, is helpful in describing certain aspects of the substance. When the substance behaves like an ideal gas, the ideal gas equation describes the relationship between its pressure and volume. On a pV diagram, it is common to plot an isotherm, which is a curve showing p as a function of V with the number of molecules and the temperature fixed. Then, for an ideal gas, the product of the pressure of the gas and its...
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Two-gap topological superconductor LaB2 with high Tc = 30 K.

Chin-Hsuan Chen1, Ye-Shun Lan1, Angus Huang1

  • 1Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.

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|November 8, 2023
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Researchers discovered LaB2, a novel two-gap superconductor with a high critical temperature (Tc) of 30 K. This material exhibits enhanced electron-phonon coupling and tunable topological properties, offering new avenues for superconductor research.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Superconductivity

Background:

  • Multigap superconductors, like MgB2, exhibit intriguing physics due to multiple energy gaps.
  • In MgB2, superconductivity arises from two bands (σ and π) with differing gap strengths.
  • Anisotropic superconductivity significantly enhances the critical temperature (Tc).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report the discovery and characterization of a new two-gap superconductor, LaB2.
  • To investigate the factors contributing to its high critical temperature (Tc).
  • To explore the topological properties and tunability of LaB2.

Main Methods:

  • Solving the fully anisotropic Migdal-Eliashberg equation.
  • First-principles calculations.
  • Analysis of electron-phonon coupling and Fermi surface hybridization.

Main Results:

  • Identified LaB2 as a three-band (B-σ, B-π, and La-d) two-gap superconductor with Tc = 30 K.
  • Observed significantly enhanced electron-phonon coupling (λ = 1.5) due to σ and π-d hybridization.
  • Classified LaB2 as a weak topological semimetal, potentially a topological superconductor.
  • Demonstrated tunable topology and Tc (15–30 K) via pressure and doping.

Conclusions:

  • LaB2 represents a new class of multigap superconductors with potential for high Tc.
  • The study provides a novel strategy to enhance electron-phonon coupling in superconductors using d orbitals.
  • LaB2 serves as a tunable platform for exploring topological superconductivity.