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Effect of different ceramic systems on antagonist dental structure by microtomographic analysis
Gustavo Desiderio Frasnelli1, Graziela Bianchi Leoni1, Raquel Cassani1
1School of Dentistry, University of Ribeirão Preto (UNAERP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
Summary
Lithium disilicate ceramics show significant tooth structure loss and antagonist wear, especially under high masticatory forces. Monolithic zirconia and lithium silicate offer better wear resistance, minimizing damage to natural teeth.
Area of Science:
- Dental materials science
- Biomaterials engineering
- Restorative dentistry
Background:
- Dental ceramics are widely used in prosthodontics.
- Understanding their wear behavior against natural tooth structure is crucial for long-term clinical success.
- Different ceramic formulations exhibit varying mechanical properties and wear resistance.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate and compare the two-dimensional and three-dimensional tooth structure loss caused by different ceramic materials.
- To assess the wear of ceramic antagonists against natural tooth structure.
- To analyze the impact of ceramic type on dental tissue integrity.
Main Methods:
- Three ceramic groups were tested: lithium disilicate (GDis), lithium silicate reinforced with zirconia (GSil), and monolithic zirconia (GZir).
- Mandibular premolars served as specimens, with ceramic blocks as antagonists in a simulated chewing environment.
- Two-dimensional and three-dimensional analyses using microtomography (µTC) quantified tooth structure loss before and after a 300,000-cycle wear test.
Main Results:
- All groups showed statistically significant differences in 2D tooth structure loss.
- 3D analysis revealed significant differences between GDis and GSil, and GDis and GZir, but not between GSil and GZir.
- Lithium disilicate caused substantial enamel loss and dentin exposure, while monolithic zirconia showed minimal wear without dentin exposure.
Conclusions:
- Lithium disilicate (GDis) should be used cautiously, particularly in high-masticatory force areas, due to significant tooth structure and antagonist wear.
- Monolithic zirconia (GZir) and lithium silicate (GSil) demonstrate superior wear resistance, preserving tooth structure and minimizing antagonist wear.
- Excessive wear can lead to dentinal hypersensitivity, occlusal problems, and temporomandibular disorders.
