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Updated: Jul 11, 2025

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Large area inkjet-printed OLED fabrication with solution-processed TADF ink.

Chandra Kant1,2, Atul Shukla3,4, Sarah K M McGregor3,5

  • 1Materials Science and Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India.

Nature Communications
|November 8, 2023
PubMed
Summary

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Inkjet printing of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials enables large-area organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) without lithography. This breakthrough offers a cost-effective solution for manufacturing advanced display technologies.

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Organic Electronics
  • Display Technology

Background:

  • Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials offer efficient, heavy-metal-free light emission for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs).
  • Current manufacturing of large-scale TADF OLEDs is hindered by limitations in solution processing compatibility, restricting cost-effective production.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an ink formulation for a TADF material suitable for inkjet printing.
  • To demonstrate large-area inkjet printing of TADF OLEDs without lithography.
  • To investigate the influence of ink properties on printing performance and film quality.

Main Methods:

  • Formulation of a stable ink using a non-chlorinated binary solvent for a specific TADF material (3-(9,9-dimethylacridin-10(9H)-yl)-9H-xanthen-9-one) and host (4,4'-bis-(N-carbazolyl)-1,1'-biphenyl).

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  • Inkjet printing of intricate patterns over a 6400 mm² area.
  • Characterization of ink properties (viscosity, density, surface tension) and their effect on droplet formation and film quality.
  • Fabrication and performance comparison of inkjet-printed TADF OLEDs against spin-coated controls.

    • Main Results:

    • Successful development of a stable, solution-processable TADF ink.
    • Demonstration of large-area (6400 mm²) inkjet printing of TADF OLEDs with performance comparable to spin-coated devices.
    • Analysis of ink properties' impact on printability and film uniformity, highlighting potential for roll-to-roll processing on flexible substrates.

    Conclusions:

    • Inkjet printing is a viable, lithography-free method for fabricating large-area TADF OLEDs.
    • The developed ink formulation and printing process represent a significant advancement for cost-effective manufacturing of large-scale OLED displays.
    • This work paves the way for the commercialization of TADF technology in large-area display applications.