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Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Language01:16

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Language is a unique communication system that uses words and systematic rules to organize and transmit information. Unlike other forms of communication, which may involve postures, movements, odors, or vocalizations, language relies on symbols and grammar. This makes human communication distinct from that of other species, who also communicate but do not use language in the same way humans do.
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The Scientific Method02:40

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Research is what makes the difference between facts and opinions. Facts are observable realities, and opinions are personal judgments, conclusions, or attitudes that may or may not be accurate. In the scientific community, facts can be established only using evidence collected through empirical research.
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The development of psychological disorders, which are characterized by deviant, maladaptive, and personally distressing behaviors, has been explored through several theoretical approaches.
Biological approach
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Defining Psychology01:24

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Psychology is the scientific discipline dedicated to understanding both observable behavior and the internal mental processes underlying such behavior. It aims to comprehend human nature and apply this understanding to solve practical problems, enhance well-being, and improve societal outcomes. An example of psychology's application is the study of prosocial behavior, such as why and under what conditions individuals might help strangers in need. This process involves describing observed...
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Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

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Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2025

Augmenting Large Language Models via Vector Embeddings to Improve Domain-Specific Responsiveness
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Augmenting Large Language Models via Vector Embeddings to Improve Domain-Specific Responsiveness

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Language models and psychological sciences.

Giuseppe Sartori1, Graziella Orrù2

  • 1Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.

Frontiers in Psychology
|November 9, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Large language models (LLMs) show cognitive psychology task performance comparable to neurotypical adults, reviving associationist principles. Analyzing LLM errors and abilities offers insights into human cognition and intelligence mechanisms.

Keywords:
GPT-4associationismcognitive psychologylarge language models (LLMs)reasoning

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Science
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Computational Neuroscience

Background:

  • Large language models (LLMs) exhibit advanced reasoning and problem-solving skills.
  • LLM performance challenges traditional critiques of associative models in cognitive psychology.
  • Recent research explores the intersection of LLMs and cognitive science.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze recent findings on LLMs within cognitive science.
  • To discuss how LLMs revive and demonstrate associationist principles.
  • To explore LLMs as tools for understanding human intelligence and cognitive biases.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of recent literature at the intersection of LLMs and cognitive science.
  • Examination of LLM capabilities in reasoning, problem-solving, and association.
  • Comparative analysis of LLM performance and errors with human cognition.

Main Results:

  • LLMs demonstrate abilities like long-distance associations, enabling complex reasoning, comparable to neurotypical adults.
  • LLM limitations exist in causal cognition and planning, but phenomena like emergence suggest potential for growth.
  • Methods like providing examples and increasing network dimensions enhance LLM abilities, mirroring human cognitive facilitation.

Conclusions:

  • LLMs represent a promising development for cognitive modeling from an associationist perspective.
  • Analyzing LLM errors provides valuable insights into human cognitive biases.
  • Evaluating LLMs using cognitive psychology tools can advance understanding of the human mind's building blocks.