Periodontal Disease in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Most of the studies assessing the relationship between systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and periodontal disorder are focused on patients with previously diagnosed SLE whose periodontal hygiene may be influenced by immunosuppressive therapies.

This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of periodontal disease among patients with newly diagnosed lupus before starting immunosuppressive therapy and its association with presenting laboratory and clinical symptoms of lupus.

This case-control cross-sectional study was conducted on 36 consecutive newly diagnosed SLE patients before starting any treatment. The control group consisted of first-degree relatives of the patients whose demographic and social characteristics matched with the patients and who had no personal history of a disease. Periodontal indices included community periodontal index (CPI) and plaque index (PI).

Participants in both groups had some degree of periodontal disorder. The mean value of CPI was 1.47±0.82 and 1.31±0.72 in SLE patients and healthy subjects (P=0.84), respectively. Moreover, the mean values of PI were 1.15±0.55 and 1.17±0.46 in SLE patients and controls, (P=0.37), respectively. Besides, the frequency of periodontal disorders based on CPI score (positive: higher than two) was 22.2% in SLE patients and 16.7% in controls (P=0.55). Moreover, there was no association between periodontal disease and lupus-related clinical and laboratory characteristics in our patients.

The frequency of periodontal disorders is similar between newly diagnosed lupus patients without undergoing immunomodulatory therapies and healthy controls with the same demographic and social characteristics. Moreover, periodontitis was not associated with clinical and laboratory symptoms of our patients.