A numerical study on the flow of water-based ternary hybrid nanomaterials on a stretchable curved sheet

Nanomaterials are quite promising in electronic cooling systems, heat exchangers, engine lubricants, brake liquids, shock absorbers, radiators, etc. Therefore, the study of heat transfer characteristics on the flow of trihybrid nanofluids on an exponentially stretched curved surface is developed. Purpose: In this study, trihybrid nanofluid is taken into consideration, which is composed of Fe₃O₄, Ag and Cu as nanoparticles and water as the basefluid. Heat generation and magnetic field impacts are addressed. Based on these assumptions, the governing partial differential equations were reduced to a favorable set of ordinary differential equations using adequate transformations. Formulation: The highly nonlinear coupled system of equations was numerically solved using the shooting method with the Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg technique. Findings: Trihybrid nanofluids improve the thermal performance of fluid when compared with other fluids such as hybrid nanofluids, nanofluids, and basefluids. The trihybrid nanofluid is efficient in heat transfer phenomenon and has a significant impact on the overall performance of a system, including cooling systems, heat exchangers, electronics, and many industrial processes. Graphical representation for the physical variables of the fluid velocity and temperature is discussed. The local Nusselt number and skin friction coefficient are computed and analyzed. A magnetic field decreases the velocity but escalates the temperature. The Nusselt number decreases for larger solid volume fractions. Novelty: The Tiwari and Das model for hybrid nanofluid extended for trihybrid nanoparticles has not been investigated previously. Heat transfer examination on the flow of trihybrid nanomaterials on exponentially curved stretching sheets considering magnetism force and heat generation consequence has not yet been studied.