Lung Cancer Mimicking Aspergilloma: A Case Report

An aspergilloma is a conglomeration of Aspergillus hyphae, fibrin, mucus, and cellular debris, typically found within a pulmonary cavity or ectatic bronchus. Computerized tomography (CT) scans often depict a cavity containing a solid mass and a notable crescent sign. Though these signs are indicative of aspergilloma, the European Respiratory Society emphasizes the need for a more detailed diagnostic criteria. A patient with a history of hemoptysis was initially diagnosed with an aspergilloma based on CT chest findings, showing a cavitary lesion in the left upper lobe with an intracavitary lobular opacity. Post resection, histological examination contradicted the initial diagnosis, revealing lung cancer instead. This case underscores the importance of tissue diagnosis from the outset or employing a multifaceted diagnostic criteria encompassing radiological findings, serology and microbiology tests. In the absence of an initial tissue diagnosis, rigorous follow-up, including early interval scanning, is crucial.