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Sublimation is the direct transformation of a solid to a gaseous state. For instance, at standard pressure and room temperature, solid carbon dioxide sublimes to gaseous carbon dioxide. The phase diagram depicts the conditions required for sublimation. This process occurs at the solid-gas phase boundary and is not observed above the triple point of the substance. The reverse of sublimation is called deposition, where a gaseous substance condenses directly into a solid. Sublimation and...
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After filtration, the precipitate is washed to remove coprecipitated impurities and any remaining mother liquor. Colloidal precipitates, such as silver chloride, are washed with an electrolyte (such as dilute nitric acid) to prevent the peptization of the precipitate. In the case of slightly soluble precipitates, the wash solution contains a common ion to reduce solubility. Lead sulfate, which is slightly soluble in water, is washed with dilute sulfuric acid. Similarly, wash solutions may be...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2025

Identification of Plant Ice-binding Proteins Through Assessment of Ice-recrystallization Inhibition and Isolation Using Ice-affinity Purification
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Ice Shell Purification of Ice-Active Compounds.

Jessica Morris1, Michelle Liddy2, Craig J Marshall3

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, School of Biomedical Science, Dunedin, New Zealand.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|November 9, 2023
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel ice fractionation technique for purifying ice-active compounds. The method selectively incorporates these compounds into growing ice, separating them from other solution solutes.

Keywords:
AntifreezeIce affinityIce nucleationIce shellIce-active proteins

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Ice fractionation is a method for purifying compounds based on their interaction with ice.
  • Existing methods for ice fractionation have limitations in efficiency and applicability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and describe a new, effective method for ice fractionation.
  • To enable the selective purification of ice-active compounds from aqueous solutions.

Main Methods:

  • A thin ice layer is formed inside a flask.
  • The ice layer is exposed to solutions containing ice-binding molecules.
  • The ice shell is allowed to grow slowly, incorporating ice-binding compounds.

Main Results:

  • Ice-binding compounds are selectively incorporated into the growing ice.
  • Non-ice-binding solutes are concentrated in the remaining liquid fraction.
  • This method allows for the purification of specific ice-active molecules.

Conclusions:

  • The described ice fractionation method is effective for separating ice-binding compounds.
  • This technique offers a new approach for purifying valuable molecules from solutions.
  • Further applications of this method in various scientific fields are anticipated.