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Related Concept Videos

Diabetic Retinopathy01:27

Diabetic Retinopathy

DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes affecting the retinal blood vessels.Risk FactorsDiabetic retinopathy is present in almost all individuals with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with type 2 diabetes after two decades of disease.The risk increases with poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, pregnancy, and puberty.Although cataracts and glaucoma are also more frequent in people with diabetes, retinopathy remains the leading...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 20, 2026

Adenoviral Gene Therapy for Diabetic Keratopathy: Effects on Wound Healing and Stem Cell Marker Expression in Human Organ-cultured Corneas and Limbal Epithelial Cells
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Cell sheet-based approach to study the diabetic corneal stroma.

Shrestha Priyadarsini1, Tina B McKay2, Paulina Escandon3

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.

Experimental Eye Research
|November 9, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Diabetes mellitus (DM) causes eye complications. This study developed a corneal stromal construct from DM fibroblasts, revealing key molecular changes and a platform for new therapies to protect corneal integrity.

Keywords:
CorneaIn vitro modelsStackingStromaTissue engineering

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Diabetology
  • Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • Prolonged hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus (DM) leads to severe ocular complications, affecting vision and potentially causing blindness.
  • The cornea, crucial for vision, is negatively impacted by hyperglycemia, necessitating research into underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms.
  • Understanding DM-induced corneal changes is vital for developing targeted therapies to preserve ocular tissue integrity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a cell sheet-based approach for generating physiological corneal thickness constructs.
  • To create a platform for evaluating phenotypic differences in corneal fibroblasts from healthy, Type 1 DM, and Type 2 DM donors.
  • To identify molecular targets for therapeutic interventions aimed at promoting corneal integrity in diabetic patients.

Main Methods:

  • Primary human corneal fibroblasts were isolated from healthy, Type 1 DM, and Type 2 DM donor tissues.
  • Self-assembled corneal stromal sheets were cultured for two weeks and stacked to create constructs of physiological thickness.
  • Constructs were analyzed using transmission electron microscopy and gene expression profiling.

Main Results:

  • Stacked constructs from Type 2 DM fibroblasts showed significant downregulation of fibrotic markers (α-smooth muscle actin, collagen type 3) compared to controls.
  • Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) expression was significantly upregulated in Type 2 DM constructs versus controls, with stacking reducing IGF1 levels.
  • The study successfully generated thicker, self-assembled corneal stromal constructs for evaluating DM-associated fibroblast phenotypes.

Conclusions:

  • The developed corneal stromal construct serves as a valuable platform for studying diabetes-related corneal changes.
  • Gene expression analysis revealed specific molecular alterations in Type 2 DM corneal fibroblasts, including fibrotic marker and IGF1 modulation.
  • This research paves the way for targeted therapeutic strategies to enhance corneal integrity in individuals with diabetes mellitus.