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Differences in the Preferred Trustworthiness Between High-level and Low-Level Leaders.

Shimei Yan1, Lizhe Chen2, Gang Zhang1

  • 1School of Management, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.

Psychological Reports
|November 9, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Leader trustworthiness factors differ by hierarchy. Subordinates prioritize emotional stability and agreeableness in low-level leaders, but ability in high-level leaders. Integrity is key for upward trust.

Keywords:
Upward trusthierarchical levelleadershiptrustworthiness

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Area of Science:

  • Organizational Behavior
  • Leadership Studies
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Implicit Leadership Theories (ILTs) suggest leader perceptions are shaped by subconscious expectations.
  • Trust in leadership is a critical component of effective team dynamics and organizational success.
  • Understanding how trustworthiness factors vary across leadership levels is essential for leadership development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether subordinate perceptions of leader trustworthiness differ based on the leader's hierarchical level.
  • To identify specific trustworthiness factors (e.g., integrity, ability, agreeableness) that are salient at different leadership levels.
  • To examine the role of leader integrity in upward trust.

Main Methods:

  • A multi-method approach combining scenario simulation (220 participants), experimental design (562 participants), and empirical survey (193 samples).
  • Data collection focused on subordinate perceptions of leader trustworthiness across various hierarchical levels.
  • Statistical analyses were employed to identify significant differences and relationships.

Main Results:

  • Subordinates value emotional stability, extraversion, agreeableness, and benevolence in low-level leaders.
  • Ability-related trustworthiness is more critical for high-level leaders.
  • Leader integrity emerged as the most significant factor for upward trust, irrespective of leader level.

Conclusions:

  • Leader trustworthiness is not monolithic; its key components are contingent on hierarchical level.
  • Human resource management strategies should tailor leadership selection and development based on hierarchical context.
  • Findings advance the understanding of ILTs and trust in leadership literature.