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Arteries of the Head and Neck01:26

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The human body's intricate network of arteries ensures that every organ system receives the necessary oxygen and nutrients for optimal function. The arterial network in the head and neck region is particularly complex, providing vital blood flow to the brain, eyes, and other critical structures. Prominent arteries in this region include the internal carotid arteries and the vertebral arteries.
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History and Recent Progress in Carotid Body Studies.

Nikolai E Lazarov1, Dimitrinka Y Atanasova2

  • 1Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria. nlazarov@medfac.mu-sofia.bg.

Advances in Anatomy, Embryology, and Cell Biology
|November 9, 2023
PubMed
Summary

The carotid body (CB), a chemoreceptor sensing blood chemistry, has a rich history of research. Recent findings reveal a neurogenic niche within the CB, suggesting potential for cell replacement therapies.

Keywords:
Carotid glandChemoreceptorGanglionGlomus caroticumNeurogenic nicheParaganglion

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Physiology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • The carotid body (CB) is a vital sensory organ that monitors blood oxygen, carbon dioxide, and pH levels.
  • Historically, its structure and function have been debated, evolving from early descriptions as a ganglion to its current understanding as a chemoreceptor.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive historical overview of carotid body (CB) research.
  • To detail the progression of understanding regarding the CB's structure, origin, and sensory function.
  • To highlight recent evidence for a neurogenic niche within the CB and its therapeutic implications.

Main Methods:

  • Historical literature review and synthesis of research findings.
  • Chronological analysis of anatomical, embryological, and physiological studies.
  • Examination of accumulated evidence on CB neurochemistry and pathophysiology.

Main Results:

  • The CB's anatomical structure evolved from a ganglion concept to a highly vascular glomus, with neural crest origin confirmed.
  • Its role as a paraganglion and chemoreceptor for blood chemical changes is now well-established.
  • Significant progress in understanding CB neurochemistry, physiology, and pathophysiology has occurred over the past century.

Conclusions:

  • The carotid body (CB) is a crucial chemosensory organ with a well-defined structure and function.
  • Recent research highlights a neurogenic niche within the CB, opening avenues for cell replacement therapies.
  • Continued investigation into the CB's properties holds promise for future therapeutic applications.