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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
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Insulin is released by beta cells of the pancreas when blood glucose levels are high. It facilitates glucose absorption and utilization in insulin-dependent cells with insulin receptors on their plasma membranes. Insulin promotes glucose uptake by increasing the number of glucose transport proteins in the cell membrane, allowing glucose to enter the cell. As a result, glucose utilization and ATP production are enhanced.
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Without prolonged fasting, healthy individuals maintain blood glucose levels above 3.5 mM due to a well-adapted neuroendocrine counterregulatory system that effectively prevents acute hypoglycemia, a potentially life-threatening condition. The primary clinical scenarios for hypoglycemia encompass diabetes treatment, inappropriate production of endogenous insulin or insulin-like substances by tumors, and the use of glucose-lowering agents in non-diabetic individuals. Notably, hypoglycemia in the...
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Exploring the association between triglyceride-glucose index and thyroid function.

Hui Cheng1, Yanyan Hu2, Haoran Zhao1

  • 1Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, No.155, Hanzhong Road, Qinhuai District, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.

European Journal of Medical Research
|November 10, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, a marker for insulin resistance (IR), is associated with thyroid dysfunction. This study found links between TyG and various thyroid function parameters in US adults.

Keywords:
Cross-sectional analysisLow-normal thyroid functionNHANESThyroid parameterTriglyceride-glucose index

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Health

Background:

  • Thyroid dysfunction is linked to impaired glucose-insulin metabolism.
  • The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index serves as a practical indicator of insulin resistance (IR).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between the TyG index and thyroid function parameters in a US population.
  • To explore the relationship between insulin resistance and thyroid health.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional analysis of 1848 adults from the 2007-2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).
  • Evaluation of central and peripheral thyroid hormone sensitivity using indices like TSHI, TT4RI, FT3/FT4 ratio, and SPINA-GD.
  • Multivariable regression, subgroup, interaction, and generalized additive models were used to analyze associations.

Main Results:

  • A significant negative association was observed between TyG index and free thyroxine (FT4).
  • The TyG index showed a positive relationship with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb), particularly in females.
  • Inverse correlations were found between TyG and central thyroid sensitivity (TSHI, TT4RI), and positive correlations with peripheral thyroid sensitivity (FT3/FT4, SPINA-GD).

Conclusions:

  • The study demonstrates a significant association between the TyG index and thyroid parameters.
  • These findings suggest a strong link between insulin resistance and thyroid dysfunction.
  • Further research is recommended to confirm these associations.