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Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS01:11

Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS

Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
GWAS does not require the identification of the target gene involved in...
Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
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Chickenpox is an acute, highly contagious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), a double-stranded DNA virus belonging to the Herpesviridae family. Its transmission occurs primarily through the inhalation of respiratory droplets or direct contact with vesicular fluid from skin lesions. The incubation period typically ranges from 10 to 21 days, during which the virus replicates and disseminates through sequential phases within the host. Although generally self-limiting in children,...
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Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted infection primarily caused by herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), though herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is increasingly implicated in genital infections, particularly among younger populations. Transmission occurs mainly through sexual contact, with asymptomatic viral shedding serving as a major route of spread. This characteristic makes HSV-2 difficult to control at a population level, as individuals may unknowingly transmit the virus even in the...

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Association Between Herpes Simplex Virus II Infection and Rheumatoid Arthritis in US Adults: A Population-Based

Tieh-Cheng Fu, Jr-Rung Lin1, Ching-Mao Chang

  • 1Clinical Informatics and Medical Statistics Research Center, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical (Joint Appointment), Chang Gung University, Taoyuan.

Journal of Clinical Rheumatology : Practical Reports on Rheumatic & Musculoskeletal Diseases
|November 10, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Herpes simplex virus type II (HSV II) infection is linked to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in US adults. This study found a higher prevalence of HSV II in RA patients, suggesting a potential connection requiring further investigation for treatment strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • The link between viral infections like herpes simplex virus (HSV) and human papillomavirus (HPV) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains unclear.
  • Further research is necessary to establish a definitive relationship between these viral infections and RA development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential association between HSV I, HSV II, and HPV infections and the prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in US adults.
  • To determine if specific viral infections are more common in individuals diagnosed with RA.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2009-2014).
  • Analysis included adults aged 20-49 with RA, comparing viral infection prevalence (HSV I, HSV II, oral/vaginal HPV PCR) between cases and controls.
  • Propensity score matching was employed to control for confounding factors.

Main Results:

  • The study included 8620 participants (150 with RA, 1500 without RA).
  • A significantly higher prevalence of HSV II infection was observed in RA patients (36.34%) compared to controls (24.72%) (p=0.015) after matching.
  • No significant associations were found for HSV I, oral HPV PCR, or vaginal HPV PCR with RA.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides evidence suggesting an association between HSV II infection and rheumatoid arthritis in the US adult population.
  • Additional research is crucial to fully understand the viral-RA connection and develop targeted prevention and treatment strategies.