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Testicular cancer in 2023: Current status and recent progress

Deaglan J McHugh1,2, Jack P Gleeson3,4, Darren R Feldman1,2

  • 1Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.

CA: a Cancer Journal for Clinicians
|November 10, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Testicular germ cell tumors (GCT) are common in young men, with cure rates improving significantly. However, some patients develop relapsed or refractory disease, necessitating review of current treatments and advances.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Urology

Background:

  • Testicular germ cell tumor (GCT) is the most common solid malignancy in adolescent and young adult males.
  • Significant advancements in GCT management over the past 50 years have led to improved cure rates, particularly for advanced disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current evidence-based treatments for extracranial GCT.
  • To discuss the acute and chronic toxicities associated with GCT treatments.
  • To highlight contemporary advances and future directions in GCT management.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of evidence-based treatments for extracranial GCT.
  • Analysis of data on cure rates and outcomes for advanced and refractory GCT.
  • Synthesis of information on treatment-related toxicities and emerging therapies.

Main Results:

  • Cure rates for advanced GCT have risen from 25% in the 1970s to nearly 80%.
  • A proportion of patients (20%) experience relapsed or platinum-refractory disease, with significant mortality.
  • Current treatments focus on evidence-based strategies for extracranial GCT, managing toxicities, and incorporating new advances.

Conclusions:

  • While GCT outcomes have improved, challenges remain for patients with relapsed or refractory disease.
  • A comprehensive understanding of current treatments, toxicities, and ongoing research is crucial for optimizing patient care.
  • Continued progress in the field offers hope for further improvements in survival and quality of life for GCT patients.
Keywords:
advancedchemotherapyclinical trialsgerm cell tumortesticular cancer

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