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Related Concept Videos

Rab Proteins01:14

Rab Proteins

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Rab proteins constitute the largest family of monomeric GTPases, of which 70 members are present in humans. Rab proteins and their effectors regulate consecutive stages of vesicle transport such as vesicle transport, docking, and fusion to the correct recipient membrane.
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Rab GTPases act in a regulated cascade during membrane fusion, helping the lipid bilayers mix. The Rab family of proteins are active when bound to GTP, and inactive when bound to GDP. Hence, they act as guanine nucleotide-dependent molecular switches. Rab-GTP recognizes and binds to long or short-range tethering proteins to capture the target vesicle. These tethers coordinate with SNAREs on the vesicle and the target membrane to assemble the trans SNARE complex that locks the mixing bilayers.
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Receptor Downregulation in MVBs01:15

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Multivesicular bodies (MVBs) are mature endosomes that sort ubiquitinated proteins and then fuse with lysosomes to degrade the sorted proteins. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its receptor (EGFR) form a complex that can be internalized through endocytosis, sorted into an MVB, and later degraded.
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B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

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The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
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Antigen Processing Pathways01:31

Antigen Processing Pathways

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MHC molecules are key players in the immune response, enabling T cells to recognize and respond to specific antigens. They are present on the surface of all nucleated cells in the body and are instrumental in presenting antigens to T cells and activating them. T cells recognize the MHC-antigen complex and initiate an immune response. MHC class I and MHC class II are two main types of MHC molecules, each associated with a distinct antigen processing pathway.
MHC Class I: Presenting Endogenous...
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Recycling Endosomes and Transcytosis00:58

Recycling Endosomes and Transcytosis

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The recycling endosome, also known as the endosomal recycling compartment (ERC), is a part of the slow-recycling process of the endocytic pathway. Molecules internalized through receptor-mediated endocytosis are either degraded in the lysosomes or are recycled to the plasma membrane through the fast- or slow-recycling route.
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The Small GTPase Rab7 Regulates Antigen Processing in B Cells in a Possible Interplay with Autophagy Machinery.

Marika Runsala1,2,3, Elina Kuokkanen1, Eveliina Uski1

  • 1Institute of Biomedicine, and MediCity Research Laboratories, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland.

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|November 10, 2023
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Rab7, a small GTPase, is crucial for B cell antigen processing and peptide-antigen (pAg) presentation. Autophagy machinery, involving LC3, also plays a role in this essential immune response.

Keywords:
B cell activationB cell receptorBCRMHCIIRab7adaptive immune systemantigen processingautophagyendosomeslysosomesvesicle traffic

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • B cells are vital for adaptive immunity, requiring efficient antigen processing and presentation to T cells for antibody production.
  • MHC class II compartments (MIICs) are specialized endosomes responsible for loading peptides onto MHCII molecules for antigen presentation.
  • The intracellular mechanisms governing antigen transport and MIIC maintenance are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the roles of Rab7 and Rab9 GTPases in B cell antigen processing and presentation.
  • To explore the potential involvement of autophagy in antigen processing within B cells.

Main Methods:

  • Immunofluorescence microscopy to assess colocalization of Rab7, Rab9, antigen, and MIIC markers.
  • Pharmacological inhibition of Rab7 and autophagy to evaluate their impact on peptide-antigen (pAg) presentation.
  • Quantification of antigen degradation and pAg presentation efficiency.

Main Results:

  • Rab7 showed greater colocalization with internalized antigen and MIIC components compared to Rab9.
  • Rab7 inhibition significantly reduced pAg presentation and increased antigen degradation.
  • Autophagy protein LC3 colocalized with antigen near the nucleus, and autophagy inhibition impaired pAg presentation.

Conclusions:

  • Rab7 is a key regulator of antigen processing and pAg presentation in B cells.
  • Autophagy-related machinery, potentially involving LC3, may contribute to antigen processing in B cells.
  • These findings highlight novel intracellular pathways influencing adaptive immune responses.