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Mass Spectrometry: Molecular Fragmentation Overview01:20

Mass Spectrometry: Molecular Fragmentation Overview

The ionization of a molecule into a molecular ion inside the mass spectrometer causes instability in the molecule's structure due to the loss of an electron. This eventually leads to the fragmentation or breaking of some bonds in the molecule. The fragmentation occurs predominantly at specific bonds to yield relatively stable fragments.
One type of fragmentation pattern is the cleavage of a single bond in the molecular ion. The cleavage leads to a radical and a cation. The cleavage can occur at...
Scanning Electron Microscopy01:07

Scanning Electron Microscopy

A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to study the surface features of a sample by using an electron beam that scans the sample surface in a two-dimensional manner. Typically, areas between ~1 centimeter to 5 micrometers in width can be imaged. SEM can be used to image bacteria, viruses, tissues as well as larger samples like insects. Conventional SEM gives a magnification ranging from 20X to 30,000X and spatial resolution of 50 to 100 nanometers.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Cryo-electron Microscopy Specimen Preparation By Means Of a Focused Ion Beam
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Pillar Growth by Focused Electron Beam-Induced Deposition Using a Bimetallic Precursor as Model System: High-Energy

Robert Winkler1, Michele Brugger-Hatzl2, Fabrizio Porrati3

  • 1Christian Doppler Laboratory-DEFINE, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria.

Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)
|November 10, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Direct-write fabrication of 3D nanostructures using HFeCo3(CO)12 precursor yields >95% metal content. Study reveals distinct high- and low-energy fragmentation pathways during electron-induced decomposition for nanostructure growth.

Keywords:
3D nano printingadditive direct-write manufacturingchemical compositionfocused electron beam-induced depositionmagnetic force microscopynanomagnetic

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Surface Science

Background:

  • Focused electron beam-induced deposition (FEBID) is a powerful technique for nanoscale fabrication.
  • Understanding precursor decomposition mechanisms is crucial for controlling deposit properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the electron-induced fragmentation of the HFeCo3(CO)12 precursor for 3D nanostructure fabrication.
  • To correlate precursor decomposition pathways with the microstructure and composition of the resulting deposits.
  • To gain insights into the simultaneous activity of high- and low-energy fragmentation channels.

Main Methods:

  • Electron-induced fragmentation of HFeCo3(CO)12.
  • Direct-write fabrication of 3D nanostructures.
  • Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) for elemental analysis.
  • Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for microstructural characterization.

Main Results:

  • Fabrication of 3D nanostructures with metallic content exceeding 95 at %.
  • Identification of distinct dominant fragmentation channels during single-spot growth for pillar formation.
  • Evidence for the co-existence of high- and low-energy fragmentation processes within the same deposit.

Conclusions:

  • The HFeCo3(CO)12 precursor enables high-purity metallic nanostructure fabrication via electron-induced decomposition.
  • Different fragmentation channels are active during electron-induced decomposition, influencing nanostructure growth.
  • The study provides fundamental insights into precursor fragmentation dynamics in FEBID.