CeO₂ Nanoparticle Bioactive Materials Promote MG-63 Osteogenic Differentiation and Antioxidant Activity Through NRF2...

The incidence of bone-related diseases is higher in the elderly population, which greatly affects the patients' quality of life. Throughout this research, we synthesized a biocomposite nanomaterial of CeO_2. The unique structural characteristics of CeO₂ nanoparticles (CeO₂ NPs) were studied by means of XRD, TEM, and SEM. Nanoparticles of an osteosarcoma cell line (MG-63) were assayed for ALP enzyme levels, key proteins in osteoblasts, and stained with Alizarin Red S to assess the physical properties, bioactivity, and calcium deposition of the osteosarcoma cell line. Moreover, we used H₂O₂ to construct an oxidative stress model to evaluate the antioxidant activity of CeO₂ NPs. Experimental data showed that the CeO₂ NPs increased the antioxidant capacity of MG-63 cells and significantly increased alkaline phosphatase activity, calcium deposition, and bone growth as manifested by increased expression of bone differentiation proteins BMP2, OCN, OPN, and type I collagen. Interestingly, RNA interference and functional recovery experiments confirmed that CeO₂ NPs enhanced the antioxidant activity of MG-63 cells related to NRF2 signaling. In conclusion, the material is expected to be a potential treatment for bone-related diseases.