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Related Concept Videos

Sleep Apnea01:21

Sleep Apnea

161
Sleep apnea is a condition where breathing stops intermittently during sleep, often leading to significant health issues. Each episode can last from 10 to 20 seconds or more and is frequently accompanied by a brief arousal from sleep. This disturbance, largely unnoticed by the individual, can lead to severe daytime fatigue. Commonly, individuals seek help after being informed by their partners about loud snoring and noticeable breathing pauses during sleep.
The condition is more prevalent among...
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Pulse Oximetry01:24

Pulse Oximetry

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Pulse oximetry, or SpO2, is a non-invasive method for continuously monitoring arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2). This procedure involves attaching a probe or sensor to the patient's fingertip, forehead, earlobe, or nose bridge. The sensor works by detecting changes in oxygen saturation levels through light signals generated by the oximeter and reflected by the pulsing blood under the probe.
Purpose
Average SpO2 values are greater than 95%. If the readings fall below 90%, it indicates that...
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Special considerations while measuring oxygen saturation01:19

Special considerations while measuring oxygen saturation

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Assessing respiratory rate concurrently with pulse measurement is fundamental to patient care, providing valuable insights into the patient's respiratory function. The normal breathing rate for an adult usually falls within a normal range of 12 to 20 breaths per minute. Abnormal respiratory rates can signal underlying health conditions or the need for immediate intervention.
Ensuring accuracy in vital sign recordings while prioritizing patient comfort and minimizing anxiety is...
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Assessing Blood pressure using a doppler ultrasound01:19

Assessing Blood pressure using a doppler ultrasound

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To obtain accurate blood pressure measurements in clinical settings, especially when traditional methods are insufficient, healthcare professionals utilize the Doppler ultrasound technique. This method uses high-frequency sound waves to detect blood flow within the arteries, which is crucial for patients with conditions that complicate circulatory system assessment.
Pre-Procedural Guidelines for Doppler Ultrasound Blood Pressure Assessment:
Preparation of Equipment:
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Pulse rhythm01:30

Pulse rhythm

812
Pulse rhythm refers to the pattern of pulsations within specific intervals, offering valuable insights into the regularity or irregularity of the heart's beats as observed through the pattern of pulsation within specific intervals. A regular pulse exhibits a consistent heart rate with uniform waveforms and pulsation force, variations of which can be classified as normal, weak, or bounding.
Conversely, an irregular pulse pattern is termed dysrhythmia, stemming from disruptions in cardiac...
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Assessment of apical pulse01:17

Assessment of apical pulse

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Assessing the Apical Pulse
Assessing the apical pulse is a critical nursing procedure, particularly indicated for:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2025

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy DISE with Target Controlled Infusion TCI and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
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Obstructive Sleep Apnea Screening by Joint Saturation Signal Analysis and PPG-derived Pulse Rate Oscillations.

Diego Cajal, Eduardo Gil, Pablo Laguna

    IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics
    |November 10, 2023
    PubMed
    Summary

    Wearable sensors can screen for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) using pulse oximetry and heart rate data. A new index, CVHRI, combined with oxygen saturation, accurately identifies OSA severity for home diagnosis.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Cardiovascular Physiology
    • Sleep Medicine

    Background:

    • Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is common and often undiagnosed.
    • Polysomnography is the gold standard but has limitations for widespread screening.
    • Wearable technology offers potential for accessible OSA screening.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the use of peripheral oxygen saturation and pulse-to-pulse interval (PPI) from photoplethysmography (PPG) for OSA diagnosis.
    • To develop and validate a novel index (CVHRI) for OSA severity assessment.
    • To explore the utility of these methods for home-based OSA screening.

    Main Methods:

    • Peripheral oxygen saturation and PPI series from PPG were used as inputs for OSA diagnosis models.
    • Binary and multiclass classification models were trained to identify normal, apneic, and hypopneic breathing segments.
    • A novel index, cyclic variation of the heart rate index (CVHRI), was derived from PPI spectrum analysis.

    Main Results:

    • Models achieved 86.27% accuracy for binary and 73.07% for multiclass segment classification.
    • CVHRI showed strong correlation with the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) (r=0.94 and r=0.91).
    • CVHRI-based stratification achieved 77.27% and 79.55% accuracy for AHI thresholds of 5 and 15.

    Conclusions:

    • Combining oxygen saturation and PPI analysis with CVHRI provides a low-cost, wearable-friendly tool for home OSA screening.
    • This approach enables effective patient stratification for OSA severity.
    • The proposed method shows promise for improving OSA diagnosis accessibility.