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A Cardiovascular Risk Optimization Program in People With Schizophrenia: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Núria Riera-Molist, Montse Assens-Tauste, Pere Roura-Poch

    Journal of Psychiatric Practice
    |November 10, 2023
    PubMed

    Insights

    A 6-month intervention significantly reduced cardiovascular risk in schizophrenia patients by improving lifestyle and lipid profiles. This patient-centered approach offers a promising strategy for managing cardiovascular disease in this population.

    Area of Science:

    • Cardiology
    • Psychiatry
    • Public Health

    Background:

    • Cardiovascular disease is a primary cause of premature death in individuals with schizophrenia.
    • Modifiable factors contributing to this risk include lifestyle, medication side effects, and comorbidities.
    • Assessing interventions to mitigate cardiovascular risk in this population is crucial.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the effectiveness of a 6-month multifactorial cardiovascular risk intervention.
    • To reduce cardiovascular risk (CVR) in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia.

    Main Methods:

    • A 2-arm, parallel, randomized clinical trial was conducted.
    • Participants with uncontrolled cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) were assigned to an intervention (PRISCA) or control group.
    • The PRISCA intervention included lifestyle promotion, CVRF management, psychotropic drug optimization, and motivational follow-up.

    Main Results:

    • The PRISCA group showed a significant reduction in cardiovascular risk score (REGICOR) by -0.96% (P=0.011) after 6 months.
    • This represents a relative risk reduction of 20.9% in the intervention group compared to no significant change in the control group.
    • Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol also significantly decreased by -27.14 mg/dL (P=0.008) in the PRISCA group.

    Conclusions:

    • A patient-centered, multifactorial cardiovascular risk intervention effectively improved CVR in people with schizophrenia.
    • The primary mechanism for this improvement was the enhancement of the lipid profile.
    • This intervention demonstrates a viable strategy for cardiovascular risk management in schizophrenia patients.
    Abstract

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