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Temporal Trends in Pediatric Acute Sinusitis Surrounding the COVID-19 Pandemic

Sandhya Kalavacherla1, Madelyn Hall2, Wen Jiang3,4

  • 1School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.

Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery : Official Journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
|November 10, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric acute sinusitis incidence decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic, but associated complications significantly increased. This shift in viral infection patterns highlights a notable public health impact during and after the initial lockdown period.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric infectious diseases
  • Epidemiology
  • Public health

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic and associated public health measures, such as lockdowns, have impacted various infectious diseases.
  • Understanding these impacts on common pediatric conditions like acute sinusitis is crucial for public health preparedness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess national incidence patterns of pediatric acute sinusitis and its complications.
  • To analyze changes in these patterns during and after the initial COVID-19 lockdown period compared to pre-pandemic baselines.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of the Pediatric Health Information System database from 2015 to 2022.
  • Analysis of acute sinusitis and complication incidence data, divided into pre-COVID-19, initial pandemic, and postpandemic periods.
  • Statistical methods including Wilcoxon rank sum tests, multivariable logistic regressions, and ARIMA models were used to compare incidence and complication rates.

Main Results:

  • A total of 2535 pediatric acute sinusitis admissions were identified across 42 centers.
  • Incidence of acute sinusitis decreased during the initial pandemic (T2) but increased in the postpandemic period (T3) compared to pre-pandemic levels (T1).
  • Despite decreased sinusitis incidence during T2, complication rates significantly increased in T2 and T3 compared to T1 (37.4% and 39% vs. 27.5%).

Conclusions:

  • The study observed a simultaneous decrease in pediatric acute sinusitis incidence and an increase in associated complications during and after the initial COVID-19 pandemic.
  • These findings suggest a shift in viral infection patterns attributable to the pandemic.
  • The results underscore the need for continued surveillance of common pediatric infections and their complications in the context of global health events.
Abstract

Keywords:
COVID-19acute sinusitispediatric sinusitissinusitis complications

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