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Updated: Jul 11, 2025

Simultaneous Study of the Recruitment of Monocyte Subpopulations Under Flow In Vitro

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Published on: November 26, 2018

Monocyte differentiation within tissues: a renewed outlook.

Alessandra Rigamonti¹, Javiera Villar¹, Elodie Segura¹

¹Institut Curie, PSL University, INSERM, U932, 26 Rue d'Ulm, Paris 75005, France.

Trends in Immunology

|November 10, 2023

Summary

Monocytes differentiate into macrophages or dendritic cells (DCs) in tissues. This review critically examines evidence for monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs) and highlights distinct functions of monocyte-derived macrophages (moMacs) in inflammation and repair.

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Macrophage Differentiation and Polarization into an M2-Like Phenotype using a Human Monocyte-Like THP-1 Leukemia Cell Line

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Published on: August 2, 2021

Area of Science:

Immunology
Cell Biology
Tissue Homeostasis

Background:

Monocytes are crucial immune cells that differentiate into macrophages or dendritic cells (DCs) upon recruitment to mammalian tissues.
Recent discoveries of novel DC populations with overlapping phenotypes have challenged the established understanding of monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs).
Distinct populations of monocyte-derived macrophages (moMacs) with unique life cycles exist in tissues during both steady-state and inflammatory conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

To critically review the existing evidence for monocyte differentiation into DCs in tissues.
To elucidate the specific functions of monocyte-derived cells, particularly moMacs.
To discuss the concept of monocyte differentiation as a binary fate decision.

Main Methods:

Literature review integrating studies from both mouse models and human research.
Critical analysis of phenotypic and functional data related to monocyte differentiation.
Synthesis of current knowledge on moDC and moMac populations in various physiological and pathological contexts.

Main Results:

Evidence supporting the existence and specific functions of moDCs in tissues is re-evaluated.
Distinct life cycles and functional specializations of moMacs during inflammation and tissue repair are highlighted.
The concept of a strict binary fate decision for monocyte differentiation is discussed in light of new findings.

Conclusions:

Understanding the heterogeneity and specific roles of monocyte-derived cells is essential for comprehending immune responses.
Targeting monocyte-derived cells offers potential therapeutic strategies for nonresolving inflammatory diseases.
Further research is needed to fully decipher the plasticity and functional significance of monocyte differentiation in vivo.