Intestinal absorption of tetramethylammonium and its derivatives in rats

The intestinal absorption of tetramethylammonium (TMA) and its derivatives from rat jejunum has been investigated with an in situ loop method and an in vitro everted sac method. At a low concentration, TMA was absorbed rapidly from the in situ intestinal lumen without being metabolized in the tissue and the rate of absorption was dependent upon the concentration used. The profile of TMA absorption included two processes, i.e. saturable and non-saturable. The absorption of TMA was inhibited competitively by analogs that have a N-trimethyl group in their structure. Among them, choline showed the strongest inhibition to TMA absorption. The inhibitory potency of these analogs was related to their chemical structure. Although TMA was not transported into the intracellular fluid of the everted intestine against a concentration gradient, the tissue accumulation of TMA was inhibited by 2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP), a metabolic inhibitor, and was highly dependent upon the incubation temperature. These findings demonstrate that TMA is absorbed through the rat small intestine by a carrier mediated transport system. An apparent Kt of 0.73 mM and a maximum V of 11.5 nmol/g tissue wet wt/min were determined by an in situ loop method. It was also suggested that the endogenous quaternary ammonium compound, choline, might be absorbed by the same carrier system.