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Spa therapy and peripheral serotonin and dopamine function: a systematic review.

Isabel Gálvez1,2, Antonella Fioravanti3, Eduardo Ortega4,5

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Spa therapy, including balneotherapy, may impact serotonin and dopamine but evidence is limited. More research is needed to understand spa therapy

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Explores the intersection of spa therapies and neurochemical function.
  • Focuses on the impact of water-based treatments on neurotransmitter systems.

Background:

  • Spa therapy, encompassing hydrotherapy and balneotherapy, is recognized for its anti-inflammatory effects, particularly in rheumatic conditions.
  • Balneotherapy is a complementary approach for stress-related pathologies.
  • The influence of spa therapy on key neurotransmitters like serotonin and dopamine remains under-investigated.

Approach:

  • Conducted a systematic review of studies published between June and July 2023.
  • Searched databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and CENTRAL.
  • Evaluated methodological quality using the JADAD scale.

Key Points:

  • Included four studies: two on serotonin in healthy individuals, one on serotonin in fibromyalgia, and one on dopamine in healthy individuals.
  • Investigated hydrotherapy, balneotherapy, and mud-bath therapies.
  • Found significant heterogeneity and low methodological quality across the included studies.

Conclusions:

  • Current evidence is insufficient to draw definitive conclusions about spa therapy's effects on peripheral serotonin and dopamine function.
  • There is a notable lack of research specifically examining these neurotransmitters in relation to spa therapy.
  • Further high-quality studies are required to elucidate the potential neurochemical impacts of spa interventions.