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Immunoreactivity of canine, feline, and equine D-dimer with antibodies to human D-dimer
Juliet E Brown1, Amir H Noormohammadi1, Natalie F Courtman1
1Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Background:
Commercially available D-dimer assays use antibodies against human D-dimer, with limited sensitivity and specificity data in companion animals.
Objectives:
To evaluate the immunoreactivity of D-dimer in plasma of dogs, horses, and cats with commercially available antibodies to human D-dimer.
Animals:
Plasma samples were collected from healthy dogs and horses, and from surplus feline plasma submitted for diagnostic purposes.
Methods:
Descriptive research study. A cross-linked fibrin lysate was prepared from plasma samples, and SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting were performed with a variety of commercially available antibodies to human D-dimer.
Results:
The selected antibodies demonstrated variable reactivity with D-dimer of each species. The monoclonal antibody DD44 bound canine D-dimer with good specificity and sensitivity, but this antibody did not react with feline or equine D-dimer. The polyclonal antibody D2D bound putative D-dimer in dogs, cats, and horses with good specificity, and higher sensitivity compared to human D-dimer.
Conclusions And Clinical Importance:
The variable performance of commercially available human D-dimer assays between species is, in part, because of inter-species variation in D-dimer immunoreactivity. The use of these assays should follow validation studies. Monoclonal antibody DD44 could be a focus for the development of a canine-specific assay.
