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District-Wise Treatment Gaps and Hospitalizations in Under-Five Children With Diarrhea in India

Sweta Dubey1, Divya Shrinivas2, Vidhi Wadhwani3

  • 1Association for Socially Applicable Research (ASAR), Pune, Maharashtra, India and Department of Pediatrics, SUNY Downstate Health Science University, New York, US.

Indian Pediatrics
|November 11, 2023
PubMed

Insights

India has the highest rates of childhood diarrhea. This study identified significant treatment gaps for oral rehydration solution and zinc, particularly in western India, highlighting areas needing improved diarrhea management for children under five.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Public Health
  • Global Health

Background:

  • India faces the world's highest burden of diarrhea and mortality in children under five.
  • Diarrheal diseases remain a leading cause of child mortality globally, necessitating targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the geographical variations in under-five diarrhea prevalence across India.
  • To identify and analyze treatment gaps for oral rehydration solution (ORS) and zinc supplementation.
  • To examine the relationship between treatment gaps and diarrheal hospitalization rates in children under five.

Main Methods:

  • Geographical analysis of under-five diarrhea prevalence.
  • Assessment of treatment gaps for ORS and zinc supplementation.
  • Statistical analysis of hospitalization rates in relation to treatment availability.

Main Results:

  • Significant geographical variations in under-five diarrhea prevalence were observed.
  • Treatment gaps for ORS and zinc supplementation were identified in specific regions, notably western Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, and Gujarat.
  • Diarrheal hospitalization rates were not found to be significantly associated with the identified ORS and zinc treatment gaps.

Conclusions:

  • Targeted public health interventions are crucial to address regional disparities in childhood diarrhea management.
  • Addressing treatment gaps for ORS and zinc supplementation in identified high-burden areas is essential for reducing child mortality.
  • Further research is needed to understand the factors influencing diarrheal hospitalization rates independently of treatment availability.

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