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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

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Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
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Nursing Assessment of the Genitourinary System I: Health History01:21

Nursing Assessment of the Genitourinary System I: Health History

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The genitourinary system is critical to maintaining fluid balance, waste elimination, and reproductive function. Nurses play a vital role in assessing this system, beginning with a thorough health history. This process involves gathering patient information, identifying risk factors, and recognizing symptoms of genitourinary disorders. Early detection is vital for timely interventions and management.1. Gathering Patient InformationA complete health history includes the patient’s personal,...
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Urinary Tract Calculi IV: Nutrition Therapy and Prevention01:27

Urinary Tract Calculi IV: Nutrition Therapy and Prevention

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Management of renal calculi focuses on effective strategies like tailored nutrition and hydration therapy. Adjusting diet and fluid intake reduces stone formation and recurrence, making these interventions simple yet powerful in kidney stone prevention and management.Understanding Kidney StonesKidney stones form when calcium, oxalate, uric acid, and cystine concentrate and crystallize in urine. Factors contributing to their formation include genetic predisposition, certain medical conditions,...
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Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction01:26

Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction

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Urinary tract infections (UTIs) impact various parts of the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. These infections are generally bacterial, with Escherichia coli being the most common causative agent, often originating from the gastrointestinal tract. However, other bacteria, such as Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis, are also known to cause UTIs. The type, location, and underlying complexity of the UTI guide both...
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Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction

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Renal calculi, or kidney stones, are solid deposits of minerals and salts formed inside the kidneys. In medical terminology, "calculus" refers to the stone itself, while "lithiasis" describes the process of stone formation. Depending on their location within the urinary system, these stones may be classified as either urolithiasis, when situated within the urinary tract, or nephrolithiasis, when located within the kidneys. Each term signifies the specific impact of the stone.Predisposition...
16
Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology01:25

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology

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The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2025

Establishment and Characterization of UTI and CAUTI in a Mouse Model
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High risk and low prevalence diseases: Infected urolithiasis.

Michael J Yoo1, Jessica Pelletier2, Alex Koyfman3

  • 1SAUSHEC, Department of Emergency Medicine, Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, TX, USA.

The American Journal of Emergency Medicine
|November 11, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Infected urolithiasis, a serious condition, presents diagnostic challenges but requires prompt recognition. Early resuscitation with fluids, antibiotics, and imaging is crucial for managing this high-risk urinary tract infection.

Keywords:
PyelonephritisUreterolithiasisUrinary obstructionUrinary tract infectionUrolithiasisUrosepsis

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Emergency Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Infected urolithiasis is a severe condition associated with significant morbidity and mortality.
  • While urolithiasis is common, concurrent urinary tract infections escalate risks, potentially leading to sepsis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the key aspects of infected urolithiasis, focusing on emergency department presentation, diagnosis, and management.
  • To highlight critical considerations for clinicians managing this condition.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current evidence on infected urolithiasis.
  • Discussion of diagnostic challenges and clinical presentations.
  • Outline of recommended management strategies in the emergency setting.

Main Results:

  • Infected urolithiasis can mimic uncomplicated stones or pyelonephritis, complicating diagnosis.
  • Key indicators include toxic appearance, fever, dysuria, costovertebral angle tenderness, and a history of recurrent UTIs.
  • Diagnostic aids include urinalysis (leukocyte esterase, nitrites, pyuria) and elevated white blood cell count.

Conclusions:

  • Emergency clinicians must maintain a high index of suspicion for infected urolithiasis in at-risk patients.
  • Prompt resuscitation with fluids and broad-spectrum antibiotics is essential.
  • Computed tomography and early urology consultation are recommended for definitive treatment.