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Related Concept Videos

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

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The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2025

Analysis of Circadian Photoresponses in Drosophila Using Locomotor Activity
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A time memory engram embedded in a light-entrainable circadian clock.

David E Ehichioya1, S K Tahajjul Taufique1, Sofia Farah1

  • 1Department of Neuroscience and Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hinds Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-911, USA.

Current Biology : CB
|November 11, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Mice show food anticipatory activity (FAA) even when food is absent, suggesting a novel light-entrainable oscillator outside the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) controls this behavior.

Keywords:
calorie restrictioncircadian mutant miceentrainmentextra-SCN circadian pacemakerfood anticipationfood-seeking behavioroperant chamberrestricted feedingrewardwheel-running activity

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Area of Science:

  • Chronobiology
  • Circadian rhythms
  • Behavioral neuroscience

Background:

  • The food-entrainable oscillator (FEO) controls food anticipatory activity (FAA), but its location and mechanism remain elusive.
  • Distinguishing FAA from other circadian rhythms is challenging due to technical limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the location and properties of the FEO.
  • To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying food anticipation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the Feeding Experimentation Device version 3 (FED3) to monitor nose-poking behavior in mice.
  • Manipulated food availability schedules and light-dark cycles.
  • Studied Period 1/2/3 triple knockout mice lacking a functional suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN).

Main Results:

  • Mice exhibited anticipatory nose-poking behavior even when food was not available.
  • Anticipatory behavior shifted with light-dark cycles, independent of meal timing.
  • Food anticipatory activity persisted in mice with a non-functional SCN.

Conclusions:

  • Food anticipation is controlled by a novel, extra-SCN light-entrainable oscillator.
  • This oscillator is distinct from the primary circadian pacemaker in the SCN.
  • The findings challenge existing models of circadian timekeeping.