Exploring apple pectic polysaccharides: Extraction, characterization, and biological activities - A comprehensive...

Area of Science:

• Food Science and Technology
• Biochemistry
• Nutraceuticals

Background:

• Apples (Malus domestica) are rich in bioactive compounds, including polysaccharides.
• Apple polysaccharides are found in various fruit parts like peel and pomace.
• These polysaccharides contain beneficial components such as polyphenols and organic acids.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the structural characteristics and physicochemical properties of apple polysaccharides.
• To explore the biological activities and potential applications of apple polysaccharides.
• To investigate the impact of extraction methods on apple polysaccharide properties.

Main Methods:

• Extraction of polysaccharides using techniques like hot water, enzymatic, and solvent-assisted methods.
• Analysis of structural features including molecular weight, monosaccharide units, and glycosidic linkages.
• Evaluation of functional properties and biological activities (in vitro and in vivo).

Main Results:

• Apple polysaccharides are primarily composed of (1→3) and (1→6)-linked α-β-glycosidic bonds.
• Demonstrated antioxidant, hepatoprotective, anti-cancer, hypolipidemic, and enzyme inhibitory effects.
• Extraction procedures, storage, and processing significantly influence cell wall polysaccharide characteristics.

Conclusions:

• Apple polysaccharides possess diverse biological activities and significant health benefits.
• They hold considerable potential for applications in the food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical industries.
• Further research into apple polysaccharides can unlock novel applications for these valuable compounds.