Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway02:26

NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway

7.5K
The transcription factor NF-κB was discovered in 1986 in the lab of Nobel laureate Professor David Baltimore, for its interaction with the immunoglobulin light chain enhancer in B-cells. After more than three decades of study, it is now evident that NF-κB regulates the expression of over 100 genes. Most of these genes play an essential role in the innate and adaptive immune responses as well as the inflammatory responses of animals.
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Mechanism
The...
7.5K
Co-activators and Co-repressors02:04

Co-activators and Co-repressors

7.4K
Gene transcription is regulated by the synergistic action of several proteins that form a complex at a gene regulatory site. This is observed in eukaryotes, where the regulation of gene expression is a complex process. Regulatory proteins in eukaryotes can broadly be classified into two types – regulators that bind directly to specific DNA sequences and co-regulators that associate with regulatory proteins but cannot directly bind to the DNA. These co-regulators are further divided into...
7.4K
Transducer Mechanism: Nuclear Receptors01:31

Transducer Mechanism: Nuclear Receptors

1.4K
Nuclear receptors, or NRs, are unique transcription factors that regulate gene transcription and affect the cellular pathways involved in reproduction, development, or metabolism. Their ability to be stimulated by small lipophilic ligands and control vital cellular processes makes them ideal drug targets. Nearly 10-15% of currently prescribed drugs target these receptors.
About 48 different soluble family members of nuclear receptors are identified that can be divided into two main classes:
1.4K
MAPK Signaling Cascades01:07

MAPK Signaling Cascades

5.6K
Mitogen-activated protein kinase, or MAPK pathway, activates three sequential kinases to regulate cellular responses such as proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis. The canonical MAPK pathway starts with a mitogen or growth factor binding to an RTK. The activated RTKs stimulate Ras, which recruits Raf or MAP3 Kinase (MAPKKK), the first kinase of the MAPK signaling cascade. Raf further phosphorylates and activates MEK or MAP2 Kinases (MAPKK), which in turn phosphorylates MAP...
5.6K
Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators02:13

Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators

6.4K
Transcriptional regulators bind to specific cis-regulatory sequences in the DNA to regulate gene transcription. These cis-regulatory sequences are very short, usually less than ten nucleotide pairs in length. The short length means that there is a high probability of the exact same sequence randomly occurring throughout the genome.  Since regulators can also bind to groups of similar sequences, this further increases the chances of random binding. Transcriptional regulators form...
6.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Small molecule-mediated activation of Notch signal transduction.

Cell death & disease·2026
Same author

iBiT: A vector system allowing stable genome integration and scalable expression of NanoLuc fusion proteins to monitor dynamic protein-protein interactions in intact cells.

Plasmid·2026
Same author

A novel approach towards a histone replacement system in Tetrapods.

PloS one·2026
Same author

Synergistic targeting of cancer cells through simultaneous inhibition of key metabolic enzymes.

Cell death and differentiation·2025
Same author

Insights from human NF-κB knockouts.

EMBO reports·2025
Same author

The proximity-based protein interactome and regulatory logics of the transcription factor p65 NF-κB/RELA.

EMBO reports·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2025

NF-κB-dependent Luciferase Activation and Quantification of Gene Expression in Salmonella Infected Tissue Culture Cells
10:57

NF-κB-dependent Luciferase Activation and Quantification of Gene Expression in Salmonella Infected Tissue Culture Cells

Published on: January 12, 2020

10.6K

Open questions in the NF-κB field.

Susanne Bacher1, M Lienhard Schmitz1

  • 1Institute of Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen (Germany), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany.

Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta. Molecular Cell Research
|November 11, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Stress signals activate the master immune regulator NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells). Understanding its complex signaling networks is crucial for developing effective therapies and overcoming treatment challenges.

Keywords:
Gene regulationNF-κBSignalingTrained immunity

More Related Videos

A Guide to Production, Crystallization, and Structure Determination of Human IKK1/α
11:27

A Guide to Production, Crystallization, and Structure Determination of Human IKK1/α

Published on: November 2, 2018

9.2K
Methods for the Modulation and Analysis of NF-κB-dependent Adult Neurogenesis
14:58

Methods for the Modulation and Analysis of NF-κB-dependent Adult Neurogenesis

Published on: February 13, 2014

14.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 11, 2025

NF-κB-dependent Luciferase Activation and Quantification of Gene Expression in Salmonella Infected Tissue Culture Cells
10:57

NF-κB-dependent Luciferase Activation and Quantification of Gene Expression in Salmonella Infected Tissue Culture Cells

Published on: January 12, 2020

10.6K
A Guide to Production, Crystallization, and Structure Determination of Human IKK1/α
11:27

A Guide to Production, Crystallization, and Structure Determination of Human IKK1/α

Published on: November 2, 2018

9.2K
Methods for the Modulation and Analysis of NF-κB-dependent Adult Neurogenesis
14:58

Methods for the Modulation and Analysis of NF-κB-dependent Adult Neurogenesis

Published on: February 13, 2014

14.4K

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Signaling

Background:

  • Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) is a key regulator of innate immunity, activated by diverse stress signals.
  • Existing knowledge of NF-κB pathways, core components, and regulatory mechanisms is extensive but incomplete.
  • Complexity in NF-κB signaling contributes to limited clinical success of inhibitors and unexpected side effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the molecular and cellular basis of NF-κB signaling complexity.
  • To identify unresolved questions within the field of NF-κB research.
  • To propose future experimental and computational approaches for a comprehensive understanding.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of current literature on NF-κB signaling.
  • Analysis of molecular and cellular events contributing to pathway complexity.
  • Identification of knowledge gaps and future research directions.

Main Results:

  • Identified multiple levels of complexity in NF-κB activation and regulation.
  • Highlighted specific unresolved questions regarding NF-κB dynamics and interactions.
  • Outlined potential strategies for advancing NF-κB research.

Conclusions:

  • The intricate nature of NF-κB signaling necessitates further investigation.
  • Addressing current knowledge gaps is essential for therapeutic advancements.
  • Integrating experimental and computational methods will deepen our understanding of NF-κB and its networks.