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General Anesthesia: Overview

General Anesthesia: Overview

Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...

Stages of General Anesthesia

Stages of General Anesthesia

Various sedation levels offer significant advantages in facilitating procedural interventions for patients undergoing medical or invasive surgical procedures. These levels span from anxiolysis to general anesthesia, providing a spectrum of sedative effects to cater to specific patient needs. Anxiolysis reduces anxiety and is achieved through minimal sedation, enabling patients to remain awake and responsive while feeling more at ease during the procedure. This level can benefit minor...

Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview

Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview

Inhalation anesthetics are drugs that induce general anesthesia upon inhalation. They work by increasing the sensitivity of GABAA receptors or inhibiting NMDA receptors, leading to a decrease in central nervous system activity. The depth of anesthesia can be rapidly adjusted by changing the concentration of the inhaled gas. Some common examples of inhalational anesthetics include volatile liquids like isoflurane, desflurane, sevoflurane and gases like xenon and nitrous oxide. Isoflurane, a...

Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications

Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications

Local anesthetics (LAs) are commonly used for various applications in medical and dental procedures. Some of the common agents used are cocaine, lidocaine, and bupivacaine.
Cocaine is an ester of benzoic acid and methylecgogine. It is used to anesthetize and vasoconstrict locally. Currently, it is used primarily for topical applications. It is beneficial for surgeries on the upper respiratory tract, providing anesthesia and shrinking the mucosa. Cocaine in the form of cocaine hydrochloride is...

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia

Depending on the target organ, local anesthetics (LAs) can be administered via various routes. In surface anesthesia, LAs are applied directly to the surface of the skin or mucous membranes. It is widely used for topical skin numbing before venipuncture or minor surgical procedures. Commonly used surface local anesthetics are lidocaine or benzocaine sprays or creams. Surface anesthesia occurs within 5 minutes and lasts for about 60 minutes. One of the main disadvantages of topical anesthesia is...

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2025

Author Spotlight: Insights into an Efficient Murine Maxillary Orthodontic Model Protocol

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One Provider Anesthesia Model in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery.

Anh Thieu Nguyen¹, Earl Clarkson²

¹Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Brooklyn Hospital Center, 155 Ashland Plc, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA.

Dental Clinics of North America

|November 11, 2023

Summary

The one provider anesthesia model in oral and maxillofacial surgery is debated for patient safety. Proponents cite well-trained staff and surgeon experience, while critics raise concerns about safety and outcomes.

Keywords:

Anesthesiologists Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS)Dental Anesthesia Assistants (DAAs)Mortality rates OMS team anesthesia model One provider anesthesia model Oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMS)Patient safety

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Area of Science:

Anesthesiology
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Background:

The one provider anesthesia model in oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMS) is under scrutiny.
Concerns exist regarding patient safety, attention, and mortality/morbidity rates.
Recent regulatory changes by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services have intensified this debate.

Purpose of the Study:

To examine the ongoing debate surrounding the one provider anesthesia model in OMS.
To present arguments for and against the safety and efficacy of this anesthesia model.

Main Methods:

Review of current literature and practice standards.
Analysis of historical contributions of OMS specialists to anesthesia.
Consideration of recent regulatory shifts impacting anesthesia provision.

Main Results:

The OMS anesthesia model has a history of significant contributions to modern anesthesia.
Proponents assert the model's safety, emphasizing the training of Dental Anesthesia Assistants and OMS surgeons' expertise.
Critics highlight potential risks related to patient safety and outcomes.

Conclusions:

The safety and efficacy of the one provider anesthesia model in OMS remain a subject of discussion.
The debate is influenced by historical context, professional expertise, and evolving regulatory landscapes.
Further evaluation may be needed to address ongoing safety concerns.